Concentration of Heavy Metals in <I>Andrographis paniculata</I> (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees Growing Area, Nakhon Pathom Province
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Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals has become a serious threat in the cultivation of medicinal herbs in recent years. The cultivation of the plant in arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil not only has adverse effects on their growth but it also harmful to human health after consumption. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees is one of the important medicinal plants used in preventing and treating respiratory illness and is known for its anti-viral activity. The purpose of this research was to study the concentration of heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead) in the A. paniculata growing area, Nakhon Pathom, at 10 locations. Results of the study revealed that the concentrations of As (7.74 - 18.94 mg/kg), Cd (0.55 - 1.67 mg/kg) and Pb (3.67 - 72.42 mg/kg) in all soils were lower than the critical value of soil quality standard for habitat and agriculture according to announcement of the National Environment Board 2021 and the critical concentration for plant growth. However, the concentration of Pb (6 sites) and Cd (9 sites) in plant were higher than permissible limits of Announcement of the Ministry of Public Health 2021 and WHO, while the As concentration in plant was within acceptable level. When considering the proportions of all heavy metals, it was found that Pb concentrations in soil and plants were the highest in all areas, followed by arsenic and cadmium, respectively. Moreover, the relationships between heavy metals and soil properties revealed that concentration of Cd (r = -0.835) and Pb (r = -0.547) in soil have moderate negative relationship with clay content and CEC. Soils with high clay content contained low cadmium and lead concentration. Additionally, Pb concentration shows a significantly positive correlation with Cd (r = 0.546). When considering the relationship between heavy metals in soil and plants, it was observed that concentration of As (r = 0.573) and Cd (r = 0.361) in plant have significant relationships with soil except Pb.This information can be used for planning and developing agricultural management practices for this medicinal plant cultivation to ensure food safety and to reduce human and environmental health risks.
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