Effects of Soil and Foliar Zinc Fertilizer Application on Grain Zinc Concentration and Its Milling Depression
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Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for cell functioning in plants and animals. Biofortification is a promising strategy for increasing grain Zn concentration in rice, but its loss during milling process to produce polished rice has not yet been evaluated. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the effectiveness of Zn fertilizer applications on grain Zn concentration and 2) determine the effect of polishing process on milling quality and grain Zn loss in San-Pah-Tawng 1 (SPT1) rice variety. The experiment was laid out in 4×2 factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), comprising with four Zn fertilizer treatments, 1) no Zn application (control); 2) soil Zn application; 3) foliar Zn application; and 4) foliar micronutrient cocktails (Zn, I, Fe, and Se) applied at flowering and seven days after flowering grown at two locations, 1) research station, Chiang Mai University and 2) San Sai district in Chiang Mai province. Results showed that foliar Zn and foliar micronutrient cocktail increased Zn concentration in unhusked, unpolished, and polished rice compared with the control. Moreover, concentration and content of Zn in rice grains can be affected by the location. Zn concentration in paddy rice, unpolished rice, and polished rice, as well as grain Zn loss in the research station was higher than the San Sai after the polishing process. This experiment indicated that foliar Zn application effectively enhances grain Zn, but also increases its loss during the polishing process.
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