Effects of fungicides combined with antagonistic fungi and bacteria on the mycelial growth of Fusarium spp., the causal agents of dieback disease in durian
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Abstract
Dieback disease of durians is caused by Fusarium spp., which causes tree decline, reduced yield, and death in several growing areas of Thailand. Disease control is primarily based on fungicides, which have been continuously used, leading to the development of resistance to these fungicides in the pathogens. The integration of microbial antagonists with fungicides may offer a promising approach to the management of resistant Fusarium isolates and improving disease control efficacy. This research aimed to determine the sensitivity of Fusarium spp. to some fungicides and to assess the antagonistic efficacy of Trichoderma asperellum KU1 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KPS46 against Fusarium spp. on culture media, both in the presence and absence of fungicides using the dual culture method. The results revealed that 2 Fusarium isolates exhibited moderate resistance (MR), and 5 isolates showed resistance (R) to chlorothalonil, with EC50 values ranging from 45.42-50.95 and from 146.85 to 661.32ppm, respectively. Six isolates demonstrated moderate resistance (MR) to mancozeb (EC50=12.12-212.85ppm), while 3 isolates exhibited moderate resistance (MR) to difenoconazole (EC50=32.15-35.82ppm). In contrast, no resistance was observed among the isolates to prochloraz (EC50 ranging from <0.1 to 6.68ppm). All 7 Fusarium isolates were subjected to control by antagonistic microorganisms. T. asperellum KU1 demonstrated higher suppression ranging from 51.85-86.11%, compared to B. amyloliquefaciens KPS46, which showed inhibition rates of 2.72-62.50%. However, in the presence of difenoconazole at a concentration of 0.1ppm, the antagonistic bacterium KPS46 exhibited a 1.40-fold increase in its inhibitory efficacy against the fungicide-resistant Fusarium isolate. Therefore, further studies on the combined use of difenoconazole and the antagonistic bacterium KPS46 should be conducted for greenhouse management of durian dieback disease.
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