Mancozeb Resistance of Phytophthora palmivora, a Causal Agent of Stem Rot and Leaf Blight of Durian in Eastern Thailand
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Abstract
The eastern region is a vital cultivation area for durian production in Thailand. In planting areas, the outbreaks of root rot, stem rot and leaf blight caused by Phytophthora palmivora are persistent, and they cause a large number of yield losses. Since the growers have continued to use the same fungicides for a long period of time, the pathogens have developed fungicide resistance. This research aims to study the fungal pathogenicity, identify the pathogens using molecular techniques and investigate the pathogens resistant to mancozeb. The pathogens were isolated from diseased durian parts obtained from 3 provinces, Chanthaburi, Rayong and Trat. The results revealed that 40 isolates of Phytophthora spp. caused leaf blight-like water-soaked symptoms with more than 1 cm in size. All isolates of pathogens were confirmed based on nucleotide sequence in the ITS region as P. palmivora. The evaluation of fungicide resistance of the pathogens on culture media was found in 3 out of 40 isolates, including CTT3, CTT4 and RKT2 isolates that were resistant to mancozeb with the EC50 values of 103.4 – 109.86 ppm. The resistant isolates were predominated in Chanthaburi and Rayong provinces. Additionally, in the resistance assay on durian leaf tissues, the mancozeb-sensitive and mancozeb-resistant isolates had the EC50 values of 13.29 – 15.64 ppm and >1000 ppm, respectively. This phenomena were classified as the sensitivity type in the culture medium assay. Thus, the information from this study will be beneficial to choosing alternative fungicides for dithiocarbamate fungicide replacement in controlling P. palmivora diseases of durian in eastern Thailand.
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King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal
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