Biological activities, total phenolic compound and TLC fingerprint of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski and Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski
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Published:
Oct 4, 2021
Keywords:
Eclipta prostrata Sphagneticola calendulacea Sphagneticola trilobata biological activities total phenolic contents TLC fingerprint
Main Article Content
Abstract
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski and S. trilobata (L.) Pruski are the member of Asteraceae family. Similar characteristics may be misleading and misused. This study aimed to compare biological activities of the ethanolic extract and water extract of these plants. Antibacterial activity using broth dilution method for MIC and MBC determination, anti-inflammatory activity using lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay, total phenolic contents using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and chemical constituents were investigated by TLC fingerprint. All the tested extracts exhibited low antibacterial effect against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and MRSA. The ethanolic extracts showed significant stronger inhibition on nitric oxide production stronger than water extracts and the standard anti-inflammatory medicine, diclofenac. Among them, S. trilobata a greatest inhibitory activity with IC50 33.43±4.76 µg/ml. The ethanolic extracts of S. calendulacea has showed the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content with EC50 of 43.48±1.00 µg/ml and 55.46±7.18 mg GAE/g crude extract, respectively. TLC fingerprint of the ethanolic extracts of three plants were identified. In conclusion, W. chinensis, S. calendulacea and S. trilobata are different both of biological activities and chemical identification by TLC.
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References
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Balekar, N., Nakpheng, T., Katkam, N.G. and Srichana, T. (2014). Wedelia trilobata L.: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 41(3), 590-605.
Caichompoo, W., Uamnuch, P., Sangsawee, K. and Lertsatitthanakorn, P. (2020). Development of beads containing anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus essential oils. Journal of Science and Technology, 1(1), 24-34.
Dai, J. (2010). Plant phenolics extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules Journal. 15, 7313-7352.
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Govindappa, M., Naga, S.S., Poojashri, M.N., Sadananda, T.S. and Chandrappa, C.P. (2011). Antimicrobial, antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract and active phytochemical screening of Wedelia trilobata (L.) Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 3. 43-51.
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Le, D.D., Nguyen, D.H., Ma, E.S., Lee, J.H., Min, B.S., Choi, J.S. and Woo, M.H. (2021). PTP1B inhibitory and anti-inflammatory properties of constituents from Eclipta prostrata L. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 44(3), 298-304.
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Shamama, B., Avijit, M. and Saumya, D. (2017). Wedelia chinensis (Asteraceae) – An overview of a potent medicinal herb. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 6(6), 488-496.
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Stapanavatr, W. and Karnjanabatr, B. (2010). Bacteriology and antibiotics usage in patients with diabetic foot infection. Vajira Medical Journal, 54(2), 199-208.
Supannapan, P., Vuthiphandchai V. and Nimrat, S. (2010). Efficiency of some commercial herb extracts and fresh herb extracts on inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth. Thai Journal of Toxicology, 25(1), 15-28.
Sureshkumar, S., Sivakumar, T., Chandrasekar, M. and Suresh, B. (2010). Investigating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of leaves of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. in standard experimental animal models. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(2), 123-129.
Taddei, A. and Rosas-Romero, A.J. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of Wedelia trilobata crude extracts. Phytomedicine, 6(2), 133-134.
Tewtrakul, S., Subhadhirasakul, S., Tansakul, P., Cheenpracha, S. and Karalai, C. (2011). Anti-inflammatory constituents from Eclipta prostrata using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Phytotherapy Research, 25(9). 131-136.
Temwiset, P., Thanasilangkul, B. and Chimpae, T. (2012). Thai medicinal plant properties, Vol.1. Nontha Buri: Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health. (in Thai)
Thao, N.P., Binh, P.T., Luyen, N.T., Cong, N.D., Dang, N.H. and Dat, N.T. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of constituents from Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 57(1), 121-127.
Uthairung, A., Rattarom, R. and Mekjaruskul, K. (2020). Cosmeceutical applications of essential oils of Amomum biflorum Jack from whole plant and rhizome. Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 9(5), 680-692.
Xu, J., Wang, Z., Sun, L., Wang Y., Wang, Yi. and He, X. (2021). (3α)-3-(tiglinoyloxy)-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, isolated from Wedelia trilobata L., exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via the modulation of NF-κB, MAPK and mTOR pathway and autophagy in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Toxicology in Vitro, 73. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105139
Yuan, F., Chen, J., Sun, P-p., Guan, S. and Xu, J., 2013, Wedelolactone inhibits LPS-induced pro-inflammation via NF-kappaB pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Biomedical Science, 20(1), 84. doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-84
Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Shen, J., Silva, A. Dennis, D.A. and Barrow, C.J. (2006). A simple 96-well microplate method for estimation of total polyphenol content in seaweeds. Journal of Applied Phycology, 18(3), 445-450.
Arunachalam, G., Subramanian, N., Pazhani, G.P. and Ravichadran, V. (2009). Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Eclipta prostrata L.(Astearaceae). African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3(3), 97-100.
Aryal, S., Baniya, M.K., Danekhu, K., Kunwar, P., Gurung, R. and Koirala, N. (2019). Total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of wild vegetables from western Nepal. Plants (Basel),8(4), 96.
Balekar, N., Nakpheng, T., Katkam, N.G. and Srichana, T. (2012). Wound healing activity of entkaura-9(11),16-dien-19-oic acid isolated from Wedelia trilobata (L.) leaves. Phytomedicine, 19(13), 1178-1184.
Balekar, N., Nakpheng, T., Katkam, N.G. and Srichana, T. (2014). Wedelia trilobata L.: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 41(3), 590-605.
Caichompoo, W., Uamnuch, P., Sangsawee, K. and Lertsatitthanakorn, P. (2020). Development of beads containing anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus essential oils. Journal of Science and Technology, 1(1), 24-34.
Dai, J. (2010). Plant phenolics extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules Journal. 15, 7313-7352.
eFloras. (2008). Flora of China. Retrieved March 29, 2020 from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_ id=130944
Gerlach, A.L., Gadea, A., Silveira, R.M., Clerc, P. and Devehat, F.L. (2018). The Use of anisaldehyde sulfuric acid as an alternative spray reagent in TLC analysis reveals three classes of compounds in the genus Usnea Adans. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota). Preprints. doi: 10.20944/preprints201802.0151.v1
Ghosh, P., Sil, P. and Thakur, S. (1987). Spray reagent for the detection of coumarins and flavonoids on thin-layer plates. Journal of Chromatography A, 403, 285-287.
Govindappa, M., Naga, S.S., Poojashri, M.N., Sadananda, T.S. and Chandrappa, C.P. (2011). Antimicrobial, antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract and active phytochemical screening of Wedelia trilobata (L.) Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 3. 43-51.
Jahan, R., Al-Nahain, A., Majumder, S. and Rahmatullah, M. (2014). Ethnopharmacological significance of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (Asteraceae), International Scholarly Research Notices. Doi: 10.1155/2014/385969
Jaisin, Y. (2016). Ka-meng– A Review. Thai Journal of Pharmacology, 38(2), 30-47. (In Thai)
Karthikumar, S., Vigneswari, K. and Jegatheesan, K. (2007). Screening of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of leaves of Eclipta prostrata (L.). Scientific Research and Essays. 2(4), 101-104.
Le, D.D., Nguyen, D.H., Ma, E.S., Lee, J.H., Min, B.S., Choi, J.S. and Woo, M.H. (2021). PTP1B inhibitory and anti-inflammatory properties of constituents from Eclipta prostrata L. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 44(3), 298-304.
Makchuchit, S., Rattarom, R. and Itharat, A. (2017). The anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of Benjakul extract (a Thai traditional medicine), its constituent plants and its some pure constituents using in vitro experiments. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 89, 1018–1026.
Manohar, R.N, Padmaja, V., Kumar, P.S.S., Selvin, C.D.S. and Ancy, P. (2017). Compareing the pharmacological activities of Sphagneticola calendulaceae and Sphagneticola trilobata an over view. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(11), 457-467.
National Drug System Development Committee. (2013). National list of essential medicines (List of herbal medicine products), Retrieved March 29, 2020 from https://data.go.th/ dataset/0b502303-cf3e-4f0d-94d8-be84d741043b/resource/370aa664-3e9f-4015-8061-ff9f7080e95b/download/herbal_book_56.pdf
Nithin, R., Padmaja, V., Shaji, S., Shiji, S. and Ancy, P. (2018). Comparative study on antimicrobial activity of Wedelia chinesis and Wedelia calendulaceae. International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, 1(3), 49-51.
Poornima, M.C. and Salman, M.I. (2021). Study of antioxidant properties and phytochemical constituents of Sphagneticola trilobata L. leaves extract. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 12(1), 569-75.
Prapaspong, B., Suwannapokin, S. and Chaiyaklang, U., editors (1999). Phathayasastra sangkhraha: Thai traditional Medicine. Bangkok: Kurusapa Business Organization. (in Thai)
Ryu, S., Shin, J.S., Jung, J.Y., Cho, Y.W., Kim, S.J., Jang, D. and Lee, K. (2013). Echinocystic acid isolated from Eclipta prostrata suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 expressions via NF-kappaB inactivation in RAW 2 6 4 .7 macrophages. Planta Medica, 79(12), 1031-1037.
Shamama, B., Avijit, M. and Saumya, D. (2017). Wedelia chinensis (Asteraceae) – An overview of a potent medicinal herb. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 6(6), 488-496.
Sriwisase, W., Tesarin, E. and Pharueang, W. (2017). Plant identification, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Wedelia chinensis Merr. and Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. (Independent study). Maha Sarakham University, Faculty of Pharmacy. (in Thai)
Stapanavatr, W. and Karnjanabatr, B. (2010). Bacteriology and antibiotics usage in patients with diabetic foot infection. Vajira Medical Journal, 54(2), 199-208.
Supannapan, P., Vuthiphandchai V. and Nimrat, S. (2010). Efficiency of some commercial herb extracts and fresh herb extracts on inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth. Thai Journal of Toxicology, 25(1), 15-28.
Sureshkumar, S., Sivakumar, T., Chandrasekar, M. and Suresh, B. (2010). Investigating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of leaves of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. in standard experimental animal models. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(2), 123-129.
Taddei, A. and Rosas-Romero, A.J. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of Wedelia trilobata crude extracts. Phytomedicine, 6(2), 133-134.
Tewtrakul, S., Subhadhirasakul, S., Tansakul, P., Cheenpracha, S. and Karalai, C. (2011). Anti-inflammatory constituents from Eclipta prostrata using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Phytotherapy Research, 25(9). 131-136.
Temwiset, P., Thanasilangkul, B. and Chimpae, T. (2012). Thai medicinal plant properties, Vol.1. Nontha Buri: Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health. (in Thai)
Thao, N.P., Binh, P.T., Luyen, N.T., Cong, N.D., Dang, N.H. and Dat, N.T. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of constituents from Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 57(1), 121-127.
Uthairung, A., Rattarom, R. and Mekjaruskul, K. (2020). Cosmeceutical applications of essential oils of Amomum biflorum Jack from whole plant and rhizome. Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 9(5), 680-692.
Xu, J., Wang, Z., Sun, L., Wang Y., Wang, Yi. and He, X. (2021). (3α)-3-(tiglinoyloxy)-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, isolated from Wedelia trilobata L., exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via the modulation of NF-κB, MAPK and mTOR pathway and autophagy in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Toxicology in Vitro, 73. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105139
Yuan, F., Chen, J., Sun, P-p., Guan, S. and Xu, J., 2013, Wedelolactone inhibits LPS-induced pro-inflammation via NF-kappaB pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Biomedical Science, 20(1), 84. doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-84
Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Shen, J., Silva, A. Dennis, D.A. and Barrow, C.J. (2006). A simple 96-well microplate method for estimation of total polyphenol content in seaweeds. Journal of Applied Phycology, 18(3), 445-450.