Factors affecting haustorium embryo and secondary somatic embryo induction of oil palm (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) ‘SUP-PSU1’
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Oil palm is an important oil production crop with the high potential oil yield per hectare. Natural propagation of oil palm exclusively occurs by seed. However, oil palm has a single dominant vegetative apex and does not produce adventitious or axillary shoots. Thus, in vitro tissue culture is the only means of vegetative propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is one of interesting methods for in vitro propagation in oil palm. The objective of this research was to investigate factors affecting haustorium embryo (HE) and secondary somatic embryo (SSE) induction in ‘SUP-PSU1’ (‘25C3/77’) oil palm. Embryogenic callus (EC) at 100 mg fresh weight (FW) was cultured on oil palm culture medium (OPCM) or Y3 (Eeuwens, 1976) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L 3, 6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) or 0.3 mg/L N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2-iP). The results showed that OPCM supplemented with 0.3 mg/L 2-iP gave the best results in HE induction frequency at 78.11% and average number of HEs at 3.75 embryos/tube. For SSE induction, HE at size of more than 6 mm cultured on MS medium with 0.2 M sorbitol gave the SSE induction frequency at 81.39% and average number of SSEs at 15.10 embryos/response HE after 8 weeks of culture. Therefore, the results can be concluded that HE at size of more than 6 mm induced on OPCM with 0.3 mg/L 2-iP subsequent to transferring to MS medium with 0.2 M sorbitol are suitable protocol for plantlet regeneration of ‘SUP-PSU1’ oil palm.
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