Effectiveness of Beauveria and Metarhizium in the biological control of the fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
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Entomopathogenic fungi are promising alternatives to chemical insecticides for biocontrol. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of three strains of Beauveria bassiana (BCC4742, BCC2779, and BCC1495) and two strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (BCC 30455 and BCC 16762) against the fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a major agricultural pest. Fruit flies that were directly exposed to the conidial suspension had mortality rates of 64–93% using B. bassiana and 16–64% using M. anisopliae. The mortality rates were higher for the adult feeding bioassay than for direct exposure; approximately 90% of B. bassiana and 80% of M. anisopliae. Moreover, horizontal transmission of fungi was investigated, in which treated flies were maintained with untreated flies of the opposite sex, they were able to transmit the infection. The highest mortality rates were observed from treatment of B. bassiana (BCC4742 and BCC2779), which average >80% mortality for both sexes. These results suggested that all B. bassiana strains (BCC4742 and BCC2779) are potential candidates for B. dorsalis control programs using various application strategies.
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