Effect of breed fraction on growth, carcass composition, Intramuscular fat, and fatty acid composition in Thai native crossbred chickens
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Abstract
Thai native chicken had evolved to adapt under the tropical condition. The meat of the chicken has a unique texture and excellent quality, thus gaining more popularity. However, Thai native chicken has low growth performance. Crossbreeding usually has been applied for growth improvement. However, crossbreeding may affect body composition and quality of fat deposition. This study was the aim to investigate the effect of breed fractions on these traits. The study used 4 chicken breeds including 100% Chee breed (CH) (100% Thai native chicken background), Kaimook e-san1 (KM1) (50% CH background), Kaimook e-san2 (KM2) (25% CH background), and broiler (BR) (0% CH background). Chicken breeds were assigned as treatment (n=100/breed) with mixed sex and 4 replications (n=25/replication). The results show the bodyweight of BR higher (P<0.01) than KM2, KM1 and CH respectively. Similarly, the result of breast percentage of BR and KM2 higher (P<0.01) than KM1 and CH breed). However, there is a non-significant difference (P>0.05) in intramuscular fat between the KM1 and KM2 breeds. The result of fatty acid, total PUFA and n-6 fatty acid displayed that CH had a highly significant higher (P<0.01) than BR and KM2. While BR and KM2 had a higher (P<0.01) total MUFA. An activity of △9desaturase enzyme showed that BR and KM2 were higher (P<0.01) activity than KM1 and CH but △5 and △6 enzyme activities for CH were higher (P<0.01). The crossbreeding modulated fatty acid composition by instead of PUFA by MUFA composition via regulation of desaturase enzyme activity leads to loss of essential fatty acid that is consumer preference especially long-chain PUFA.
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