Assessment of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity from Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume leaves found in Thailand
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Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume contained many cultivars with different leaf shapes and coloration. Most cultivars of C. variegatum were widely used as vegetables in northern Thailand, in which two cultivars (spirale and broad leaf) were selected for the investigation of the phytochemical profiling and the biological activity related to the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ethanolic extracts of spirale and broad cultivars of C. variegatum (ESC and EBC) contained total phenolic content about 17.99±0.02 and 30.35±0.10 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. Total flavonoid content of the ESC and EBC were 39.30±0.20 and 34.72±0.67 mg QE/g extract, respectively. Quantitative estimation revealed that flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides are presented in both ESC and EBC. Both ESC and EBC showed weak scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 values of 8.00±0.60 and 6.88±0.40 mg/mL, respectively. This study was considered the first report on the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of C. variegatum leaves extracts. The microplate assay revealed that the spirale cultivar exhibited potent AChE inhibition with an IC50 value of 551.36 µg/mL while broad cultivar was inactive. Active compounds of spirale cultivar were supposed to be further investigated
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