Effects of electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution on growth, yield and quality of lettuce under vertical hydroponic systems
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มิ.ย. 26, 2018
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This experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Agronomy, Hue University, Viet Nam. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of the EC concentration levels on growth, yield and quality of lettuce under vertical hydroponic system. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Five treatments consist of the EC levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mS/cm). The Rapid Red lettuce cultivars was used for testing. Two weeks after germination, the seedlings were transplanted under the vertical hydroponic systems. The pH was maintained at 6.0 - 6.5 for the entire the growing period. It can be concluded that the ability to grow, yield and quality of lettuce grown in vertical hydroponic systems were significantly affected by nutrient solution concentrations (EC). Yield was significantly (P≤0.01) affected by EC levels. The EC at 2.5 mS/cm produced maximum yield (27.5 t/ha), but not significant difference with 2.0 mS/cm. For quality, the highest vitamin C and chlorophyll content were obtained at the 1.5 mS/cm of the EC level in the present study. The lettuce grown in EC at 2.5 mS/cm considered to be the best productivity under vertical hydroponic systems .
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References
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AI-Harbi, A.R. 1994. Effect of manipulating nutrient solution salinity on the growth of cucumber. Cucumis sativus L. grown in NFT. Acta horticulturae 361: 267-273.
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vul-garis. Plant Physiol. 24: 1-15
Bedwell, C.L., D.W. Hamar, M.L. Hoesterey, P. Sondennan,and K.G. Odde. 1995.Comparison of four methods for forage nitrate analysis. Jourl of veterinar diagnosis investigation. 7: 527-530.
Benoit, F., and N. Ceustennans. 1995. Horticultural aspects of ecological soilless growing methods. Acta horticulturae 396: 11-21.
Dijkstra, J., J. De Bruijn, A. Scholtens,and J.M. Wijsmuller. 1993. Effect of planting distance and peat volume on strawberry production in bag and bucket culture. Acta Horticulturae. 348: 180-187. Durner, E.F., 1999. Winter greenhouse strawberry production using conditioned plug plants. Hortscience.34: 615-616.
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Ehert, D.L., and L.e. Ho. 1986. Effects of salinity on dry matter partitioning and fruit growth in tomatoes grown in nutrient film culture. Journal of experimenta l botany. 37: 1297-1302.
Evers, A.M. 1994. The influence of fertilizer and environment on some nutritionally important quality criteria in vegetables-a review of research in the Nordic countries. Agricultural science in Finland. 3: 177- 187.
Fallovo, C., Y.Rouphael, E.Rea, A. Battistelli, and G. Colla. 2009.Nutrient solution concentration and growing season affect yield and quality of Lactuca sativa var. acephala in floating raft culture. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 89: 1682-1689
Furlani, P.R., L.C.P. Silveira, D. Bolonhesi, and V. Faquin. 1999. Cultivo hidroponico de plantas. Campinas: IAC, 52p (Boletim Técnico 180).
Ho, L.C., and P. Adams. 1994. Regulation of the partitioning of dry matter and calcium in cucumber in relation to fruit growth and salinity. Annals of botany. 73: 539-545.
Huett, D.O. 1994. Growth, nutrient uptake and tipburn severity of hydroponic lettuce in response to electrical conductivity and K: Ca ratio in solution. Australian journal of agriculture research. 45: 252-267.
Ismail, M.R., and R. Abmad. 1997. Differential growth and yield responses of tomato plants grown in dif ferent solution concentrations using nutrient film technique and sand culture. Acta horticulturae. 450: 449-455.
Kuchenbuch, R and D. Schwarz. 1997. Growth analysis of tomato in a closed recir culating system relation to the EC-value of the nutrient solution. Acta horticulturae. 450: 169- 176.
Linsley-Noakes, G., L. Wilken, and S. De Villiers. 2006. High density, vertical hydroponics growing system for strawberries. Acta Horticulturae. 708: 365-370.
Longnecker, N. 1994. Nutrient deficiencies and vegetative growth. Pp. 137- 172 in: Mechanisms of plant growth and productivity. Basra, A.S. ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Morgan, JV., A.T. Moustafa, and A. Tan. 1980.Factors aff ecting the growing-on stages of lettuce and chrysanthemum in nutrient solution culture. Acta horticuLturae. 98: 253-261.
Morgan, J.V., and A.L. Tan. 1983. Greenhouse lettuce production at high densities in hydroponics. Acta horticuLturae. 133: 39-46
Morgan, L. 2006. Hydroponic strawberry production. A technical guide to the hydroponic production of strawberries. Suntec (NZ) Ltd, Tokomaru, New Zealand.
Nguyen Van Quy, W.Sinsiri, S. Chitchamnong, K. Boontiang, and W. Kaewduangta. 2016. Effect of plant densities and supporting materails of the vertical hydroponic system on growth and yields of lettuce. KHON KAEN AGR. J. 44: 723-730
Ozeker, E., R.Z. Eltez, A. Gul, K. Onal, and A.Tanrisever. 1999. Investigations on the effects of different growing media on the yield and quality of strawberries grown in vertical bags. Acta Horticulturae. 486: 409-413.
Ryall, A.L., and W.J. Lipton. 1979. Handling, tran sportation and storage of fruits and vegetables. Volume one, 2nd edition Vegetables and melons. Westport, Connecticut, AVI Publishing Company, Inc
Shinohara, Y., K.Tanaka, Y. Suzuki, and K. Yamasaki. 1978. Growing conditions and the quality of vegetables. !. Effects of nutrition and foliar spray treatment on the ascorbic acid content of leaf vegetables. Joural of the Japanese Societ for Horicultural Science. 47: 63-70.
Shinohara, Y., and Y. Suzuki. 1981. Efects of light and nutritional conditions on the ascorbic acid content of lettuce. Joural of the Japanese Societ for Horticultural Science. 50: 239-246.
Sorensen, N., A.S. Johansen, and N. Poulsen. 1994. Infuence of growth condition on the value of crisphead lettuce: 1. Marketable and nutritional quality a affected by nitrogen supply, cultivar and plant age. Plant-food for human nutrition. 46: 1-1 1.
Sunlarp Sanguandeekul, 1999. The effect of cultivar, nutrient solution concentration and season on the yield and quality of NFT produced lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.). A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Science at Massey University. March, 1999.
Tadesse, T. 1997. Some factors aff ecting the yield and quality of sweet pepper (Ca psicum annuum L.) cv. Domino. Ph.D. thesis, Massey University, New Zealand.
Terry, N., L.J. Waldron, and S.E. Taylor. 1983. Environmental influences on leaf expansion. Pp 179-205 in: The growth and functioning of leaves, Dale, J.E. ; Millthorpe, F.L. ed. Cambridge London New York New Rochelle Melbourne Sydney: Cambridge University Press.
Tregidga, G., M. Tregigda, and R. Lewthwaite. 1986. Hydroponics nutrient film technique for commercial vegetable growing. New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery: HPP 322.
Chiloane, T.S. 2012. Effect of nutrient concentration and growing seasons on growth, yield and quality of leaf lettuce in a hydroponic system. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree M. Inst. Agrar: Plant production in University of Pretoria.
Samarakoon, U.C., P.A. Weerasinghe and W.A.P. Weerakkody, 2006. Effect of Electrical Conductivity [EC] of the Nutrient Solution on Nutrient Uptake, Growth and Yield of Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Stationary Culture. Tropical Agricultural Research. 18: 13 - 21 (2006)
Volkmar, K.M., Y. Hu, and H. Steppuhn. 1998. Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review. Canadian journal of plant science. 78: 19-27.
Willumsen, J. 1984. Nutritional requirements of lettuce in water culture. Proceedings of the fifth International Congress on Soilless Culture: 777-792.
Anonymous. 1984: Fruit, vegetables and derived products- Detennination of ascorbic acid content - Part2: Routine methods. ISO 6557/2: Interational Organization for Standardization 5p.
Anonymous. 2000. ARC Training Report 2000. The 18 th Regional Training Course on Vegetable Production, Research and Extension, ARC-AVRDC, Thailand.
AI-Harbi, A.R. 1994. Effect of manipulating nutrient solution salinity on the growth of cucumber. Cucumis sativus L. grown in NFT. Acta horticulturae 361: 267-273.
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vul-garis. Plant Physiol. 24: 1-15
Bedwell, C.L., D.W. Hamar, M.L. Hoesterey, P. Sondennan,and K.G. Odde. 1995.Comparison of four methods for forage nitrate analysis. Jourl of veterinar diagnosis investigation. 7: 527-530.
Benoit, F., and N. Ceustennans. 1995. Horticultural aspects of ecological soilless growing methods. Acta horticulturae 396: 11-21.
Dijkstra, J., J. De Bruijn, A. Scholtens,and J.M. Wijsmuller. 1993. Effect of planting distance and peat volume on strawberry production in bag and bucket culture. Acta Horticulturae. 348: 180-187. Durner, E.F., 1999. Winter greenhouse strawberry production using conditioned plug plants. Hortscience.34: 615-616.
Economakis, E.D. 1990: Effect of solution conductivity on growth and yield of lettuce in nutrient film culture. Acta horticulturae. 287: 309-316
Ehert, D.L., and L.e. Ho. 1986. Effects of salinity on dry matter partitioning and fruit growth in tomatoes grown in nutrient film culture. Journal of experimenta l botany. 37: 1297-1302.
Evers, A.M. 1994. The influence of fertilizer and environment on some nutritionally important quality criteria in vegetables-a review of research in the Nordic countries. Agricultural science in Finland. 3: 177- 187.
Fallovo, C., Y.Rouphael, E.Rea, A. Battistelli, and G. Colla. 2009.Nutrient solution concentration and growing season affect yield and quality of Lactuca sativa var. acephala in floating raft culture. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 89: 1682-1689
Furlani, P.R., L.C.P. Silveira, D. Bolonhesi, and V. Faquin. 1999. Cultivo hidroponico de plantas. Campinas: IAC, 52p (Boletim Técnico 180).
Ho, L.C., and P. Adams. 1994. Regulation of the partitioning of dry matter and calcium in cucumber in relation to fruit growth and salinity. Annals of botany. 73: 539-545.
Huett, D.O. 1994. Growth, nutrient uptake and tipburn severity of hydroponic lettuce in response to electrical conductivity and K: Ca ratio in solution. Australian journal of agriculture research. 45: 252-267.
Ismail, M.R., and R. Abmad. 1997. Differential growth and yield responses of tomato plants grown in dif ferent solution concentrations using nutrient film technique and sand culture. Acta horticulturae. 450: 449-455.
Kuchenbuch, R and D. Schwarz. 1997. Growth analysis of tomato in a closed recir culating system relation to the EC-value of the nutrient solution. Acta horticulturae. 450: 169- 176.
Linsley-Noakes, G., L. Wilken, and S. De Villiers. 2006. High density, vertical hydroponics growing system for strawberries. Acta Horticulturae. 708: 365-370.
Longnecker, N. 1994. Nutrient deficiencies and vegetative growth. Pp. 137- 172 in: Mechanisms of plant growth and productivity. Basra, A.S. ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Morgan, JV., A.T. Moustafa, and A. Tan. 1980.Factors aff ecting the growing-on stages of lettuce and chrysanthemum in nutrient solution culture. Acta horticuLturae. 98: 253-261.
Morgan, J.V., and A.L. Tan. 1983. Greenhouse lettuce production at high densities in hydroponics. Acta horticuLturae. 133: 39-46
Morgan, L. 2006. Hydroponic strawberry production. A technical guide to the hydroponic production of strawberries. Suntec (NZ) Ltd, Tokomaru, New Zealand.
Nguyen Van Quy, W.Sinsiri, S. Chitchamnong, K. Boontiang, and W. Kaewduangta. 2016. Effect of plant densities and supporting materails of the vertical hydroponic system on growth and yields of lettuce. KHON KAEN AGR. J. 44: 723-730
Ozeker, E., R.Z. Eltez, A. Gul, K. Onal, and A.Tanrisever. 1999. Investigations on the effects of different growing media on the yield and quality of strawberries grown in vertical bags. Acta Horticulturae. 486: 409-413.
Ryall, A.L., and W.J. Lipton. 1979. Handling, tran sportation and storage of fruits and vegetables. Volume one, 2nd edition Vegetables and melons. Westport, Connecticut, AVI Publishing Company, Inc
Shinohara, Y., K.Tanaka, Y. Suzuki, and K. Yamasaki. 1978. Growing conditions and the quality of vegetables. !. Effects of nutrition and foliar spray treatment on the ascorbic acid content of leaf vegetables. Joural of the Japanese Societ for Horicultural Science. 47: 63-70.
Shinohara, Y., and Y. Suzuki. 1981. Efects of light and nutritional conditions on the ascorbic acid content of lettuce. Joural of the Japanese Societ for Horticultural Science. 50: 239-246.
Sorensen, N., A.S. Johansen, and N. Poulsen. 1994. Infuence of growth condition on the value of crisphead lettuce: 1. Marketable and nutritional quality a affected by nitrogen supply, cultivar and plant age. Plant-food for human nutrition. 46: 1-1 1.
Sunlarp Sanguandeekul, 1999. The effect of cultivar, nutrient solution concentration and season on the yield and quality of NFT produced lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.). A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Science at Massey University. March, 1999.
Tadesse, T. 1997. Some factors aff ecting the yield and quality of sweet pepper (Ca psicum annuum L.) cv. Domino. Ph.D. thesis, Massey University, New Zealand.
Terry, N., L.J. Waldron, and S.E. Taylor. 1983. Environmental influences on leaf expansion. Pp 179-205 in: The growth and functioning of leaves, Dale, J.E. ; Millthorpe, F.L. ed. Cambridge London New York New Rochelle Melbourne Sydney: Cambridge University Press.
Tregidga, G., M. Tregigda, and R. Lewthwaite. 1986. Hydroponics nutrient film technique for commercial vegetable growing. New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery: HPP 322.
Chiloane, T.S. 2012. Effect of nutrient concentration and growing seasons on growth, yield and quality of leaf lettuce in a hydroponic system. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree M. Inst. Agrar: Plant production in University of Pretoria.
Samarakoon, U.C., P.A. Weerasinghe and W.A.P. Weerakkody, 2006. Effect of Electrical Conductivity [EC] of the Nutrient Solution on Nutrient Uptake, Growth and Yield of Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Stationary Culture. Tropical Agricultural Research. 18: 13 - 21 (2006)
Volkmar, K.M., Y. Hu, and H. Steppuhn. 1998. Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review. Canadian journal of plant science. 78: 19-27.
Willumsen, J. 1984. Nutritional requirements of lettuce in water culture. Proceedings of the fifth International Congress on Soilless Culture: 777-792.