Effect of physically effective neutral detergent fiber and moisture content in different fermented days of fermented total mixed ration on in vitro digestibility
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ส.ค. 27, 2018
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The experiment aimed to observe the effectiveness of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) and moisture content in different fermented days of fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on in vitro digestibility. The study was designed as 2 × 2 × 4 factorial combinations in a completely randomized design. Total mixed ration (TMR) containing 20 and 25% peNDF with 40 and 60% moisture content was fermented in 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. The result showed that IVDMD was increased approximately 8% on the 20% peNDF with 40% moisture content (70.30%) in 0 days and 6% with 60% moisture content (72.87) in 14 days of fermentation compared to 25% peNDF. Additionally, 40% and 60% moisture in 0 and 14 days were the critical levels that affected to improve the digestion but there were non-significantly affected to FTMR digestibility between 20 and 25% peNDF in all fermented days. Oppositely, it was increased on NDF digestibility when FTMR contained 25% peNDF with 40 and 60% moisture in days 0 and 14; whereas increased or decreased of IVADFD were correlated to peNDF and NDF content in dietary. This result can conclude that 20% peNDF with 60% moisture content with the fermented 14 days is great for in vitro dry matter digestibility as the recommended of dairy cattle requirement.
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References
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Cai, Y., Y. Benno, M. Ogawa, and S. Kumai. 1999. Effect of applying lactic acid bacteria isolated from forage crops on fermentation characteristics and aerobic deterioration of silage. J. Dairy Sci. 82: 520–526.
Cao, Y., Y. Zang, Z. Jiang, Y. Han, J. Hou, H. Liu, and N. Yoshida. 2016. Fermentation quality and nutritive value of fresh and fermented total mixed rations containing Chinese wile dry or corn stover. Grassland Science. 62: 213–223.
DeVries, T. J., F. Dohme, and K. A. Beauchemin. 2008. Repeated Ruminal Acidosis Challenges in Lactating Dairy Cows at High and Low Risk for Developing Acidosis: Ruminal pH. J. Dairy Sci. 91: 3554–3567.
Eastridge, M. L. 2006. Major advances in applied dairy cattle nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 89: 1311-1323.
Einarson, M. S., J. C. Plaizier, and K. M. Wittenberg. 2004. Effects of barley silage chop length on productivity and rumen conditions of lactating dairy cows fed a total mixed ration. J. Dairy Sci. 87: 2987–96.
Felton, C. A., and T. J. DeVries. 2010. Effect of water addition to a total mixed ration on feed temperature, feed intake, sorting behavior, and milk production of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93: 2651–2660.
Fish, J. A., and T. J. DeVries. 2012. Short communication: Varying dietary dry matter concentration through water addition: effect on nutrient intake and sorting of dairy cows in late lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 95: 850–865.
Hosseinkhani, A., R. Valizadeh, A. Naserian, M. D. Mesgharan, and F. E. Shahroodi. 2007. Effect of alfalfa hay particle size and water addition to barely base diets on dairy cows performance in early lactation. J. Anim and Vet Adv. 6: 1482–1488.
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Krause, K. M., D. K. Combs, and K. A. Beauchemin. 2002. Effects of forage, particle size, and grain fermentability in midlactation cows. I. Milk production and diet digestibility. J. Dairy Sci. 85: 1936–1946.
Lahr, D. A., D. E. Otterby, D. G. Johnson, J. G. Linn, and R. G. Lundquist. 1983. Effects of moisture content of complete diets on feed intake and milk production by cows. J. Dairy Sci. 66: 1891–1900.
Lammers, B. P., D. R. Buckmaster, and A. J. Heinrichs. 1996. A simple method for the analysis of particles sizes of forage and total mixed rations. J. Dairy Sci. 79: 922–928.
Leonardi, C., and L. E. Armentano. 2003. Effect of quantity, quality, and length of alfalfa hay on selective consumption by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86: 557-564.
McDonald, P., A. R. Henderson, and S.J. Heron. 1991. The Biochemistry of Silage 2nd ed. pp. 167-183. In: Chalcombe Publications, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom.
Mertens, D. R. 1997. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80: 1463–1481.
Mertens, D. R. 2000. Physically effective NDF and its use in dairy rations explored. Feedstuffs, pp. 11-14. Miller-Cushon, E. K., and T. J. DeVries. 2009. Effect of dietary dry matter concentration on the sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows fed a total mixed ration. J. Dairy Sci. 92: 3292–3298.
Miyaji, M., and H. Matsuyama. 2016. Lactation and digestion in dairy cows fed ensiled total mixed ration containing steam- flaked or ground rice grain. Anim. Sci. J. 87: 767–774.
Nha, B., and V. Pattarajinda. 2017. Effect of physically effective neutral detergent fiber and moisture content for improving digestibility of TMR on in vitrodigestibility. Proceeding of the 18th Agricultural Conference. pp. 41. January 23-24, 2017. Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Nkosi, B. D., and R. Meeske. 2010. Effects of ensiling totally mixed potato hash ration with or without a hetero fermentative bacterial inoculant on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, growth performance and digestibility in lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 161: 38–48.
National Research Council (NRC). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev.ed Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC.
Oh, M., H. Hong, H. L. Li, B. T. Jeon, C. H. Choi, Y. L. Ding, and Y. J. Tang. 2016. Effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber content on intake, digestibility and chewing activity in fattening heifer fed total mixed ration. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 29: 1719–1724.
Owens, F. N., D. S. Secrist, W. J. Hill, and D. R. Gill. 1998. Acidosis in cattle: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 76: 275–286.
SAS. 1996. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. 6.21th Ed. SAS Institute Inc.Cary, NC.Shaani, Y., D. Eliyahu, I. Mizrahi, E. Yosef, Y. Ben-meir, M. Nikbachat, J. Miron. 2016. Effect of feeding ensiled mixture of pomegranate pulp and drier feeds on digestibility and milk performance in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 83: 35-41.
Shaver, R. D. 2002. Rumen acidosis in dairy cattle: Bunk management considerations. J. Adv. Dairy Tech. 14: 241-249.
Tafaj, M., A. Maulbetsch, Q. Zebeli, H. Steingass, and W. Drochner. 2005. Effects of physically effective fiber concentration of diets consisting of hay and slowly degradable concentrate on chewing activity in mid lactation dairy cows under constant intake level. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 59: 313–324.
Vasupen, K., C. Yuangklang, C. Sarnklong, S. Wongsuthavas, J. Mitchaothai, and P. Srenanul. 2006. Effect of total mixed ration and fermented total mixed ration on voluntary feed intake, digestion nutrients digestibility, and milk production in lactating dairy cows. Proceeding of the Technical Conference of 44th Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Wongnen, C., C. Wachirapakom, C. Patipan, D. Panpong, K. Kongweha, N. Namsaen, and C. Yuangklang. 2009. Effects of fermented total mixed ration and cracked cottonseed on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22: 1625–1632.
Yahaya, M. S., M. Kawai, J. Takahashi, and S. Matsuoka. 2001. The effects of different moisture content and ensiling time on silo degradation of structural carbohydrate of orchard grass. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15: 213–217.
Yang, W. Z., and K. A. Beauchemin. 2006. Altering physically effective fiber intake through forage proportion and particle length: Chewing and ruminal pH. J. Dairy Sci. 90: 2826–283.
Yuangklang, C., K. Vasupen, S. Wittayakun, P. Srinanaun. and C. Sukho. 2004. Effect of total mixed ration and fermented total mixed ration on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in dairy cows. Proceedings of the 11th AAAP congress “ New dimensions and challenges for sustainable livestock farming” The Asian-Australian association of animal production societies. Kuala Lumpur, Malysia.
Zebeli, Q., M. Tafaj, H. Steingass, B. Metzler, and W. Drochner. 2006. Effects of physically effective fiber on digestive processes and milk at content in early lactating dairy cows fed total mixed rations. J. Dairy Sci. 89: 651–668.
Beauchemin, K.A., W.Z. Yang, and L.M. Rode. 2003. Effects of particle size of alfalfa based dairy cow diets on chewing activity, ruminal fermentation, and milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 86: 630-643.
Cai, Y., Y. Benno, M. Ogawa, and S. Kumai. 1999. Effect of applying lactic acid bacteria isolated from forage crops on fermentation characteristics and aerobic deterioration of silage. J. Dairy Sci. 82: 520–526.
Cao, Y., Y. Zang, Z. Jiang, Y. Han, J. Hou, H. Liu, and N. Yoshida. 2016. Fermentation quality and nutritive value of fresh and fermented total mixed rations containing Chinese wile dry or corn stover. Grassland Science. 62: 213–223.
DeVries, T. J., F. Dohme, and K. A. Beauchemin. 2008. Repeated Ruminal Acidosis Challenges in Lactating Dairy Cows at High and Low Risk for Developing Acidosis: Ruminal pH. J. Dairy Sci. 91: 3554–3567.
Eastridge, M. L. 2006. Major advances in applied dairy cattle nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 89: 1311-1323.
Einarson, M. S., J. C. Plaizier, and K. M. Wittenberg. 2004. Effects of barley silage chop length on productivity and rumen conditions of lactating dairy cows fed a total mixed ration. J. Dairy Sci. 87: 2987–96.
Felton, C. A., and T. J. DeVries. 2010. Effect of water addition to a total mixed ration on feed temperature, feed intake, sorting behavior, and milk production of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93: 2651–2660.
Fish, J. A., and T. J. DeVries. 2012. Short communication: Varying dietary dry matter concentration through water addition: effect on nutrient intake and sorting of dairy cows in late lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 95: 850–865.
Hosseinkhani, A., R. Valizadeh, A. Naserian, M. D. Mesgharan, and F. E. Shahroodi. 2007. Effect of alfalfa hay particle size and water addition to barely base diets on dairy cows performance in early lactation. J. Anim and Vet Adv. 6: 1482–1488.
Kondo, M., K. Shimizu, A. Jayanegara, T. Mishima, H. Matsui, S. Karita, T. Fujihara. 2016. Changes in nutrient composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of total mixed ration silage stored at different temperatures and periods. J. Sci. Food Agric. 96: 1175–1180.
Johnson, L. M., J. H. Harrison, D. Davidson, W. C. Mahanna, and K. Shinners. 2003. Corn silage management: Effect of hybrid, chop length, and mechanical processing on digestion and energy content. J. Dairy. Sci. 86: 208–231.
Kononoff, P. J., and A. J. Heinrichs. 2003. The effect of reducing alfalfa haylage particle size on cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 86: 1445-1457.
Krause, K. M., D. K. Combs, and K. A. Beauchemin. 2002. Effects of forage, particle size, and grain fermentability in midlactation cows. I. Milk production and diet digestibility. J. Dairy Sci. 85: 1936–1946.
Lahr, D. A., D. E. Otterby, D. G. Johnson, J. G. Linn, and R. G. Lundquist. 1983. Effects of moisture content of complete diets on feed intake and milk production by cows. J. Dairy Sci. 66: 1891–1900.
Lammers, B. P., D. R. Buckmaster, and A. J. Heinrichs. 1996. A simple method for the analysis of particles sizes of forage and total mixed rations. J. Dairy Sci. 79: 922–928.
Leonardi, C., and L. E. Armentano. 2003. Effect of quantity, quality, and length of alfalfa hay on selective consumption by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86: 557-564.
McDonald, P., A. R. Henderson, and S.J. Heron. 1991. The Biochemistry of Silage 2nd ed. pp. 167-183. In: Chalcombe Publications, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom.
Mertens, D. R. 1997. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80: 1463–1481.
Mertens, D. R. 2000. Physically effective NDF and its use in dairy rations explored. Feedstuffs, pp. 11-14. Miller-Cushon, E. K., and T. J. DeVries. 2009. Effect of dietary dry matter concentration on the sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows fed a total mixed ration. J. Dairy Sci. 92: 3292–3298.
Miyaji, M., and H. Matsuyama. 2016. Lactation and digestion in dairy cows fed ensiled total mixed ration containing steam- flaked or ground rice grain. Anim. Sci. J. 87: 767–774.
Nha, B., and V. Pattarajinda. 2017. Effect of physically effective neutral detergent fiber and moisture content for improving digestibility of TMR on in vitrodigestibility. Proceeding of the 18th Agricultural Conference. pp. 41. January 23-24, 2017. Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Nkosi, B. D., and R. Meeske. 2010. Effects of ensiling totally mixed potato hash ration with or without a hetero fermentative bacterial inoculant on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, growth performance and digestibility in lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 161: 38–48.
National Research Council (NRC). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev.ed Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC.
Oh, M., H. Hong, H. L. Li, B. T. Jeon, C. H. Choi, Y. L. Ding, and Y. J. Tang. 2016. Effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber content on intake, digestibility and chewing activity in fattening heifer fed total mixed ration. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 29: 1719–1724.
Owens, F. N., D. S. Secrist, W. J. Hill, and D. R. Gill. 1998. Acidosis in cattle: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 76: 275–286.
SAS. 1996. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. 6.21th Ed. SAS Institute Inc.Cary, NC.Shaani, Y., D. Eliyahu, I. Mizrahi, E. Yosef, Y. Ben-meir, M. Nikbachat, J. Miron. 2016. Effect of feeding ensiled mixture of pomegranate pulp and drier feeds on digestibility and milk performance in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 83: 35-41.
Shaver, R. D. 2002. Rumen acidosis in dairy cattle: Bunk management considerations. J. Adv. Dairy Tech. 14: 241-249.
Tafaj, M., A. Maulbetsch, Q. Zebeli, H. Steingass, and W. Drochner. 2005. Effects of physically effective fiber concentration of diets consisting of hay and slowly degradable concentrate on chewing activity in mid lactation dairy cows under constant intake level. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 59: 313–324.
Vasupen, K., C. Yuangklang, C. Sarnklong, S. Wongsuthavas, J. Mitchaothai, and P. Srenanul. 2006. Effect of total mixed ration and fermented total mixed ration on voluntary feed intake, digestion nutrients digestibility, and milk production in lactating dairy cows. Proceeding of the Technical Conference of 44th Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Wongnen, C., C. Wachirapakom, C. Patipan, D. Panpong, K. Kongweha, N. Namsaen, and C. Yuangklang. 2009. Effects of fermented total mixed ration and cracked cottonseed on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22: 1625–1632.
Yahaya, M. S., M. Kawai, J. Takahashi, and S. Matsuoka. 2001. The effects of different moisture content and ensiling time on silo degradation of structural carbohydrate of orchard grass. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15: 213–217.
Yang, W. Z., and K. A. Beauchemin. 2006. Altering physically effective fiber intake through forage proportion and particle length: Chewing and ruminal pH. J. Dairy Sci. 90: 2826–283.
Yuangklang, C., K. Vasupen, S. Wittayakun, P. Srinanaun. and C. Sukho. 2004. Effect of total mixed ration and fermented total mixed ration on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in dairy cows. Proceedings of the 11th AAAP congress “ New dimensions and challenges for sustainable livestock farming” The Asian-Australian association of animal production societies. Kuala Lumpur, Malysia.
Zebeli, Q., M. Tafaj, H. Steingass, B. Metzler, and W. Drochner. 2006. Effects of physically effective fiber on digestive processes and milk at content in early lactating dairy cows fed total mixed rations. J. Dairy Sci. 89: 651–668.