อิทธิพลของอัตราส่วนถ่านชีวภาพต่อฟางข้าวร่วมกับมูลแพะต่อสมบัติ ทางกายภาพ เคมี และชีววิทยาของปุ๋ยหมัก
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ต.ค. 25, 2018
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ปุ๋ยหมัก ถ่านชีวภาพ การหายใจ อัตราส่วนคาร์บอนต่อไนโตรเจน ซุปเปอร์ พด.1
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บทคัดย่อ
งานวิจัยนี้ศึกษาอิทธิพลของอัตราส่วนฟางข้าวต่อถ่านชีวภาพร่วมกับมูลแพะต่อกระบวนการหมักปุ๋ ย อัตราส่วนคาร์บอนต่อไนโตรเจนเริ่มต้นของกองปุ๋ ยเท่ากับ 30 : 1วางแผนการทดลองแบบสุ่มสมบูรณ์ในบล็อก (Randomized Complete Block Design, RCBD) ประกอบด้วย 4 กรรมวิธีทดลอง ได้แก่ 1) ฟางข้าว + มูลแพะ ซึ่งเป็นกรรมวิธีควบคุม 2) ถ่านชีวภาพต่อฟางข้าว (0.5 : 1) + มูลแพะ 3) ถ่านชีวภาพ : ฟางข้าว (1 : 1) + มูลแพะ และ 4) ถ่านชีวภาพ : ฟางข้าว (1.5 : 1) + มูลแพะ ผลจากการศึกษาพบว่าไนโตรเจนทั้งหมดเพิ่มขึ้นตามระยะเวลาของการหมักในทุกกรรมวิธีทดลอง เมื่อสิ้นสุดการทดลองพบว่ากรรมวิธีฟางข้าว+มูลแพะ มีปริมาณไนโตรเจนสูงสุด (10.5 g kg-1, P<0.05) ขณะที่กรรมวิธีถ่านชีวภาพต่อฟางข้าว (1 : 1) + มูลแพะ มีการหายใจสะสมสูงสุด มีค่าเท่ากับ (1135.4 mg CO2-C kg-1 compost) ในกรรมวิธีเดียวกันนี้พบว่ามีช่วงระยะอุณหภูมิสูง (thermophilic stage) นานที่สุด (> 44°C, 14 days) ปริมาณอินทรีย์คาร์บอนลดลงต่ำสุด (186.25 g kg-1) มีค่า pH เข้าใกล้ความเป็นกลางมากที่สุด (7.96) และเปอร์เซ็นต์การคงเหลือของเถ้าภายหลังการหมักไม่แตกต่างจากกรรมวิธีควบคุม ชี ้ให้เห็นว่าการใส่ถ่านชีวภาพร่วมกับฟางข้าวในอัตรา 1 : 1 เหมาะสมในการนำมาใช้เป็นส่วนผสมเริ่มต้นในการหมักปุ๋ ยร่วมกับมูลแพะ
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References
กรมพัฒนาที่ดิน. 2550. การผลิตปุ๋ยหมักโดยใช้สารเร่งซุปเปอร์ พด.1 เอกสารทางวิชาการเผยแพร่. www.ldd.go.th/menu_Dataonline/G1/G1_13.pdf. ค้นเมื่อ 10 ธันวาคม 2560.
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Antal, M. J. and M. Grønli. 2003. The art, science, and technology and charcoal production. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 42: 1619-1640.
Brodowski, S., B. John, H. Flessa and W. Amelung. 2006. Aggregates-occluded black carbon in soil. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 57: 539-546.
Brodowski, S., W. Amelung, L. Haumaier, C. Abetz and W. Zech. 2005. Morphological and chemical properties of black carbon in physical soil factions as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Geoderma. 128: 116-129.
Butnan, S., J. L. Deenik, B. Toomsan, M. J. Antal and P. Vityakon. 2015. Biochar characteristics and application rates affecting corn growth and properties of soils contrasting in texture and mineralogy. Geoderma. 237-238: 105-116.
Butnan, S., J. L. Deenik, B. Toomsan, M. J. Antal and P. Vityakon. 2016. Biochar properties influencing greenhouse gas emissions in tropical soils differing in texture and mineralogy. J. Environ. Qual. 45: 1509-1519
Camps, M. 2015. The use of biochar in composting. International biochar initiative. http://www.biochar-international.org Accessed Dec. 25, 2017.
Chan, K. Y., Z. L. Van, A. I. Meszaros, A. Downie and S. Joseph. 2008. Agronomic values of green waste biochar as a soil amendment. Soil Res. 45: 629-634.
Cheng C. H, J. Lehmann, J. E. Thies, S. D. Burton and M.H. Engelhard. 2006. Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes. Org. Geochem. 37:1477–1488.
Cheng, C. H., J. Lehmann, and M. H. Engelhard. 2008. Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: changes in molecular form and surface change along a climosequence. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 72: 1598–1610.
Chaiwong, K., and S. Siripornakarachai. 2016. Parametric analysis of biochar production from corncob under slow pyrolysis. Engng. J. CMU. 23: 85-92.
California Compost Quality Council. 2001. Compost Maturity Index: Technical Report [Online]. Available: http://compostingcouncil.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/2-CCQC-Maturity-Index.pdf. Accessed Apr. 22, 2018.
Deenik, J. L., A. Diarra, G. Uehara, S. Campbell, Y. Sumiyoshi and M.J. Antal. 2011. Charcoal ash and volatile matter effects on soil properties and plant growth in an acid Ultisol. Soil Sci. 176: 336-345.
Dias, B. O., C. A. Silva, F. S. Higashikawa, A. Roig, M. A. Sánchez-Monedro. 2010. Use of biochar as bulking agent for the composting of poultry manure : effect on organic matter degradation and humification. Biores Technol. 101: 1239-1246.
Gaskin, J. W., C. Steiner, K. C. Harris, C. Das and B. Bibens. 2008. Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use. T. ASABE. 51: 2061-2069.
Gaskin, J. W., R. A. Speir, K. Harris, K. C. Das, R. D. Lee, L. A. Morris, and D. S. Fisher. 2010. Effect of peanut hull and pine chip biochar on soil nutrients, corn nutrient status, and yield. Agron. J. 102: 623-633.
Hass, A., J. M. Gonzalez, I. M. Lima, H. W. Godwin, J. J. Halvorson, and D. G. Boyer. 2012. Chicken manure biochar as liming and nutrient source for acid Appalachian soil. J. Environ. Qual. 41: 1096-1106.
Herath, H. M. S. K., M. Camps-Arbestain, and M. Hedley. 2013. Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: an Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma. 209: 188-197.
Hemmes, K. and W. I. Schmidt. 2009. Changes of biochar in soil. pp. 169-182. In: J. Lehmann and S. Joseph (eds). Biochar for environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan, United Kingdoms.
Huang, G. F., J. W. C. Wong, Q. T. Wu, and B. B. Nagar. 2004. Effect of C/N on composting of pig manure with sawdust. Waste Manage. Res. 24: 805-813.
Jindo, K., Mizumoto, H., Sawada, Y., Sanchez-Monedero, M. A., and Sonoki, T. 2014. Physical and chemical characterization of biochars derived from different agricultural residues. Biogeosciences. 11: 6613-6621.
Kamolmanit, B. and A. Reungsang 2006. Effect of cassava pulp and swine manure compost on growing plants in Greenhouse. J. Water Environ. Technol. 4: 9-32.
Kamolmanit, B., P. Vityakon, W. Kaewpradit, G. Cadish and F. Rasche. 2013. Soil fungal communities and enzyme activities in a sandy, highly weathered tropical soil treated with biochemically contrasting organic inputs. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 49: 905-917.
Major, J., M. Rondon, D. Molina, S. Riha, and J. Lehmann. 2010. Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna Oxisol. Plant Soil. 333: 117-128.
Novak, J. M., I. Lima, B. Xing, J. W. Gaskin, C. Steiner, K. C. Das, M. Ahmedna, D. Rehrah, D. W. Watts, W. J. Busscher, and S. Harry. 2009. Characterization of designer biochar produced at different temperatures and their effects on a loamy Sand. Annals Environ. Sci. 3: 195-206.
Puttaso, A., P. Vityakon, P. Saenjan, V. Trelo-ges and G. Cadisch. 2011. Relationship between residue quality, decomposition patterns, and soil organic matter accumulation in a tropical sandy soil after 13 years. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 89: 159-174.
Rasche, F., and G. Cadisch. 2013. The molecular microbial perspective of organic matter turnover and nutrient cycling in tropical agroecosystems - What do we know?. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 49: 251-262.
Steiner, C.,Das, K. C.,Melear, N. and Lakely, D. 2010. Reducing nitrogen Loss during poultry litter composting using biochar. J. Environ. Qual. 39: 1236-1242.Steiner, C., Melear, N., Harris, K. and Das, K. C. 2011. Biochar as bulking agent for poultry litter composting. Carbon Manag. 2: 227-230.
Tiquia, S. M., T. L. Richard, M. S. and Honeyman. 2000. Effect of windrow turning and seasonal temperatures on composting of hog manure from hoop structures. Environ. Technol. 21: 1037–1046.
Trupiano, D., C. Claudia, B. Silvia, A. Carla, P. V. Francesco, L. Giuseppe, Di L. Sara, F. Francesca, T. Roberto, and S. S. Gabriella. 2017. The effects of biochar and its combination with compost on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth, soil properties, and soil microbial activity and abundance. Int. J. Agron. 1-12.
Walkley, A., and I. A. Black. 1934. An examination of the Degtjoreff method for determining soil organic matter and proposed modification of chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 27: 29-38.
Zhang, Y., O. J. Idowu, and C. Brewer. 2016. Using agricultural residue biochar to improve soil quality of desert soils. Agriculture. 6: 1-11.
Anderson, J. P. E. 1982. Soil respiration, pp. 831-871. In: Page, A. L., R. H. Miller, and D. R. Keeney (eds.), Agronomy Monograph Number 9, Part II. Chemical and Biological Properties, 2nd. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA.
Antal, M. J. and M. Grønli. 2003. The art, science, and technology and charcoal production. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 42: 1619-1640.
Brodowski, S., B. John, H. Flessa and W. Amelung. 2006. Aggregates-occluded black carbon in soil. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 57: 539-546.
Brodowski, S., W. Amelung, L. Haumaier, C. Abetz and W. Zech. 2005. Morphological and chemical properties of black carbon in physical soil factions as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Geoderma. 128: 116-129.
Butnan, S., J. L. Deenik, B. Toomsan, M. J. Antal and P. Vityakon. 2015. Biochar characteristics and application rates affecting corn growth and properties of soils contrasting in texture and mineralogy. Geoderma. 237-238: 105-116.
Butnan, S., J. L. Deenik, B. Toomsan, M. J. Antal and P. Vityakon. 2016. Biochar properties influencing greenhouse gas emissions in tropical soils differing in texture and mineralogy. J. Environ. Qual. 45: 1509-1519
Camps, M. 2015. The use of biochar in composting. International biochar initiative. http://www.biochar-international.org Accessed Dec. 25, 2017.
Chan, K. Y., Z. L. Van, A. I. Meszaros, A. Downie and S. Joseph. 2008. Agronomic values of green waste biochar as a soil amendment. Soil Res. 45: 629-634.
Cheng C. H, J. Lehmann, J. E. Thies, S. D. Burton and M.H. Engelhard. 2006. Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes. Org. Geochem. 37:1477–1488.
Cheng, C. H., J. Lehmann, and M. H. Engelhard. 2008. Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: changes in molecular form and surface change along a climosequence. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 72: 1598–1610.
Chaiwong, K., and S. Siripornakarachai. 2016. Parametric analysis of biochar production from corncob under slow pyrolysis. Engng. J. CMU. 23: 85-92.
California Compost Quality Council. 2001. Compost Maturity Index: Technical Report [Online]. Available: http://compostingcouncil.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/2-CCQC-Maturity-Index.pdf. Accessed Apr. 22, 2018.
Deenik, J. L., A. Diarra, G. Uehara, S. Campbell, Y. Sumiyoshi and M.J. Antal. 2011. Charcoal ash and volatile matter effects on soil properties and plant growth in an acid Ultisol. Soil Sci. 176: 336-345.
Dias, B. O., C. A. Silva, F. S. Higashikawa, A. Roig, M. A. Sánchez-Monedro. 2010. Use of biochar as bulking agent for the composting of poultry manure : effect on organic matter degradation and humification. Biores Technol. 101: 1239-1246.
Gaskin, J. W., C. Steiner, K. C. Harris, C. Das and B. Bibens. 2008. Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use. T. ASABE. 51: 2061-2069.
Gaskin, J. W., R. A. Speir, K. Harris, K. C. Das, R. D. Lee, L. A. Morris, and D. S. Fisher. 2010. Effect of peanut hull and pine chip biochar on soil nutrients, corn nutrient status, and yield. Agron. J. 102: 623-633.
Hass, A., J. M. Gonzalez, I. M. Lima, H. W. Godwin, J. J. Halvorson, and D. G. Boyer. 2012. Chicken manure biochar as liming and nutrient source for acid Appalachian soil. J. Environ. Qual. 41: 1096-1106.
Herath, H. M. S. K., M. Camps-Arbestain, and M. Hedley. 2013. Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: an Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma. 209: 188-197.
Hemmes, K. and W. I. Schmidt. 2009. Changes of biochar in soil. pp. 169-182. In: J. Lehmann and S. Joseph (eds). Biochar for environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan, United Kingdoms.
Huang, G. F., J. W. C. Wong, Q. T. Wu, and B. B. Nagar. 2004. Effect of C/N on composting of pig manure with sawdust. Waste Manage. Res. 24: 805-813.
Jindo, K., Mizumoto, H., Sawada, Y., Sanchez-Monedero, M. A., and Sonoki, T. 2014. Physical and chemical characterization of biochars derived from different agricultural residues. Biogeosciences. 11: 6613-6621.
Kamolmanit, B. and A. Reungsang 2006. Effect of cassava pulp and swine manure compost on growing plants in Greenhouse. J. Water Environ. Technol. 4: 9-32.
Kamolmanit, B., P. Vityakon, W. Kaewpradit, G. Cadish and F. Rasche. 2013. Soil fungal communities and enzyme activities in a sandy, highly weathered tropical soil treated with biochemically contrasting organic inputs. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 49: 905-917.
Major, J., M. Rondon, D. Molina, S. Riha, and J. Lehmann. 2010. Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna Oxisol. Plant Soil. 333: 117-128.
Novak, J. M., I. Lima, B. Xing, J. W. Gaskin, C. Steiner, K. C. Das, M. Ahmedna, D. Rehrah, D. W. Watts, W. J. Busscher, and S. Harry. 2009. Characterization of designer biochar produced at different temperatures and their effects on a loamy Sand. Annals Environ. Sci. 3: 195-206.
Puttaso, A., P. Vityakon, P. Saenjan, V. Trelo-ges and G. Cadisch. 2011. Relationship between residue quality, decomposition patterns, and soil organic matter accumulation in a tropical sandy soil after 13 years. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 89: 159-174.
Rasche, F., and G. Cadisch. 2013. The molecular microbial perspective of organic matter turnover and nutrient cycling in tropical agroecosystems - What do we know?. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 49: 251-262.
Steiner, C.,Das, K. C.,Melear, N. and Lakely, D. 2010. Reducing nitrogen Loss during poultry litter composting using biochar. J. Environ. Qual. 39: 1236-1242.Steiner, C., Melear, N., Harris, K. and Das, K. C. 2011. Biochar as bulking agent for poultry litter composting. Carbon Manag. 2: 227-230.
Tiquia, S. M., T. L. Richard, M. S. and Honeyman. 2000. Effect of windrow turning and seasonal temperatures on composting of hog manure from hoop structures. Environ. Technol. 21: 1037–1046.
Trupiano, D., C. Claudia, B. Silvia, A. Carla, P. V. Francesco, L. Giuseppe, Di L. Sara, F. Francesca, T. Roberto, and S. S. Gabriella. 2017. The effects of biochar and its combination with compost on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth, soil properties, and soil microbial activity and abundance. Int. J. Agron. 1-12.
Walkley, A., and I. A. Black. 1934. An examination of the Degtjoreff method for determining soil organic matter and proposed modification of chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 27: 29-38.
Zhang, Y., O. J. Idowu, and C. Brewer. 2016. Using agricultural residue biochar to improve soil quality of desert soils. Agriculture. 6: 1-11.