Genetic diversity and physicochemical properties of starch in highland glutinous of Thailand
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Abstract
Glutinous rice landracesis valuable genetic resources and important to people in North and Northeast of Thailand as they consume glutinous rice as a stable food. One of the important factors that affect rice cooking quality is physicochemical properties of rice starch. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine genetic diversity and physicochemical propertiesof starch in highland glutinousrice landraces consisted of three varieties, totally 13 populations represented 13 farmers. The physicochemicalproperties of starch were evaluated, morphological traits were characterized and genetic diversity were assessed by using 12 microsatellite loci. The result of physicochemical properties showed that there was not non-glutinous type mixed in the glutinous rice landraces populations in the present study indicated by the iodine test. Alkali test and gel consistency indicated that most of the glutinous rice landraces were soft texture. Morphological characterization and genetic diversity analysis indicated that there were genetic variability within and between the glutinous rice landraces populations. Each glutinous rice landraces variety has unique character and displayed low genetic diversity within populations illustrated by average gene diversity (HS=0.060) but displayed high level of genetic differentiation among populations. (FST=0.871). Population structure illustrated that glutinous rice landraces were assigned into 4 groups (K=4) based on physicochemical properties. Taken together, low level of within population genetic diversity, high level of genetic differentiation among populations and structured based on physicochemical properties of the glutinous rice landraces might be the consequence of genetic drift due to limited cultivation and utilization, adaptation to local environments and human selections including specifically utilizations of farmers.
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