Genetical evaluation and development of F1 hybrid chili by using male sterile genes

Abstract

Genotype of male sterility of 8 open-pollinated varieties of chilies was evaluated by fertility scoring. The varieties were crossed with 4 maintainer lines. Eight F1 hybrid seeds were obtained. Fertility of pollen of F1 hybrids indicated that the male parents consisted of 3 genotypes. Varieties PJ.5-3-1-1 and CA1448 were C lines (N/S MsMs), variety CA1445-1, CA1449-5 and CA1450-7 were B lines (N msms) and PJ.27-1-2-1, CA1038 and CA1451 showed heterozygosity of restorer genes (N/S Msms). Four male sterile lines; KY14-1-1, KY14-1-2, KY16-3-1 and KY10-3-2 were crossed with open-pollinated varieties: PJ2-2-1-1, PJ5-3-1-1, PJ25-1-1, and CA1038. Four F1 hybrids and one male parent were grown for yield comparison. F1 hybrid KY 14-1-1 x PJ. 5-3-1-1 gave the highest fruit weight/plant, 688.7 g/pt and its heterosis was 39.5 %. F1 hybrids KY 14-1-1 x PJ. 25-1-1 and KY 14-1-1 x CA 1038 and the male parent, PJ. 5-3-1-1 gave fruit yields of 493.7, 153.3 and 464.7 g/pt, respectively. Two F1 hybrids KY14-1-1 x PJ.5-3-1-1 and KY10-3-2 x PJ.5-3-1-1 were compared with 2 commercial varieties, the male parent PJ.5-3-1-1, and 2 female parents; KY10 and KY14. Growth, morphology, horticultural characteristics according to IBPGR descriptor and other important characteristics of the varieties were recorded.Fruits of all F1 hybrids and the commercial varieties were suitable for making Nam Prik Noom. Fruits of variety PJ.5-3-1-1 was not suitable because of its white color. Fruits of the parental lines were also not suitable because of small fruit sizes. A commercial variety, Jakrapat gave the highest fruit yield/pt. The yield was significantly different from fruit yields of KY10-3-2 x PJ.5-3-1-1, KY14-1-1 x PJ.5-3-1-1 and PJ.5-3-1-1. Fruit yields of two F1 hybrids were not significantly different from each other. However, F1 hybrid KY10-3-2 x PJ.5-3-1-1 yielded significantly higher than the commercial variety Mae Ping 80. Percentage of heterois of the F1 hybrids KY10-3-2 x PJ.5-3-1-1 and KY14-1-1 x PJ.5-3-1-1 were 32 and 6.2 %, respectively. Variety Mae Ping 80, KY10 and KY14 gave the lowest fruit yields.