Diet and host size on oviposition of parasitoid, Spalangia gemina
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Diet and host are influence on parasitoid reproductive. The objective of this study is to study on food type and host size on oviposition of Spalangia gemina, designed in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results show that food type effect on the life span and the parasitization period of S. gemina. The feeding of honey and nectar to adult of S. gemina from the beginning of the hatching was resulting in longevity. The longest life span of adult, S. gemina is 30% of honey (25.18 days) and the parasitization period is longer and tends to increase the sex ratio. Moreover, the food type affects the times of parasitization which the parasitoid can parasitized the house pupa up to 18 times. The size of the house fly pupa affects the oviposition and sex ratio of S. gemina. Oviposition of S. gemina was direct variation with the size of the house fly pupa that when the size of the house pupa increases, oviposition and sex ratio of S. gemina was increase. The egg laying of parasitoid was highest on 5 - >6 mm. of the size of the house pupa, 88-95% and sex ratio was high when S. gemina oviposited on >6 mm. (5.04 pupae). This information uses for mass rearing the house fly pupal parasitoid, S. gemina for useful in controlling flies on biological.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
ทัศนีย์ แจ่มจรรยา, อุบล ตังควานิชม, นภาพร ศรีตะวานิช และสิริภา แก้วคำแสน. 2553. การแพร่กระจายตามฤดูกาลของประชากรแมลงวันและศัตรูธรรมชาติในฟาร์มโค. รายงานการประชุมวิชาการประจำปี 2553. ศูนย์วิจัยควบคุมศัตรูพืชโดยชีวินทรีย์แห่งชาติ ระหว่างวันที่ 1-3 กันยายน 2553 ณ โรงแรมเมธาวลัย ชะอำรีสอร์ท. เพชรบุรี.
อโนทัย วิงสระน้อย, เสมอใจ บุรีนอก และไกรสิทธิ์ วสุเพ็ญ. 2558. ผลของระดับความลึก ชนิดและอายุของแมลงเบียนต่อประสิทธิภาพการเบียนของแมลงเบียนดักแด้แมลงวันบ้านและการใช้ประโยชน์. รายงานวิจัยฉบับสมบูรณ์ คณะทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลอีสาน.
อโนทัย วิงสระน้อย, บุญส่ง บุญมาผึ้ง และศรีสุภา ลีทอง. 2559. ความหลากชนิดและชีววิทยาของแมลงเบียนแมลงวันในอำเภอวาริชภูมิ จังหวัดสกลนคร. รายงานวิจัยฉบับสมบูรณ์ คณะทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลอีสาน.
Apiwathnasorn, C. 2012. Literature review of parasitoids of filth flies in Thailand: a list of species with brief notes on bionomics of common species. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health Southeast. 43: 48-54.
Baker, H.G., and I. Baker. 1983. A brief historical review of the chemistry of floral nectar, p. 126-52. In B. Bentley and T. Elias (eds.), The Biology of Nectaries. Columbia University Press, New York.
Baker, H.G., P.A. Opler, and I. Baker. 1978. A comparison of amino acid complements of floral and extrafloral nectars. Botanical Gazette. 139: 322-32.
Arthur, A.P., and H.G. Wylie. 1959. Effects of host size on sex ratio, development time and size of Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Entomophaga. 4: 297-301.
Barbier, M. 1970. Chemistry and biochemistry of pollens. Progress in Phytochemistry. 2: 1-34.
Beckage, N.E., and L.M. Riddiford. 1983. Growth and development of the endoparasitic wasp Apanteles congregatus dependence on host nutritional status and parasite load. Physiological Entomology. 8: 231-41.
Bouletreau, M. 1971. Croissance larvaire et utilisation de l'hote chez Pteromalus puparum (Hym.: Chalc.): influence de la densité de population. Annales de Zoologie Ecologie Animale. 3: 305-18.
Chong, J.H., and R.D. Oetting. 2006. Host stage selection of the mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus spec. nov near sinope. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 121: 39–50.
Clausen, C.P. 1939. The effect of host size upon the sex ratio of hymenopterous parasites and its relation to methods of rearing and colonization. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 47: 1-9.
Dadd, R.H. 1985. Nutrition: organisms. p. 313-90. In G.A. Kerkut and L.I. Gilbert (eds.). Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Vol. 4. Pergamon Press, New York.
Friend, W.G., and R.H. Dadd. 1982. Insect nutrition-a comparative perspective, p. 205-47. In H.H. Draper (ed.), Advances in Nutritional Research, Vol 4. Plenum Press, New York.
Gauld, I.D., and B. Bolton. 1988. The Hymenoptera. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Geden, C.J., R.D. Moon, and J.F. Butle. 2006. Host ranges of six solitary filth fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae, Chalcididae) from Florida, Eurasia, Morocco, and Brazil. Environmental Entomology. 35: 405-412.
Godfray, H.C.J. 1994. Parasitoids: behavioral and evolutionary ecology. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
Hagen, K.S., R.H. Dadd, and J. Reese. 1984. The food of insects. p. 79-112. In C.B. Huffaker & R.L. Rabb (eds.), Ecological Entomology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Harborne, J.B. 1993. Introduction to Ecological and Biochemistry 4th Edition. Academic Press, London.
Heimpel, G.E., and M.A. Jervis. 2005. Does floral nectar improve biological control by parasitoids. pp. 267–304. In Wäckers, F.L., P.C.J. van Rijn, J. Bruin (eds.) Plant-provided food for carnivorous insects: a protective mutualism and its applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Jervis, M.A., and N.A.C. Kidd. 1986. Host-feeding strategies in hymenopteran parasitoids. Biological Reviews. 61: 395–434.
Legner, E.F. 2022. Nutrion of arthropod natural enemies. Accessed: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285831374. Accessed Apr. 14, 2022.
Lewis, W.J., J.O. Stapel, A.M. Cortesero, and K. Takasu. 1998. Understanding how parasitoids balance food and host needs: importance to biological control. Biological Control. 11: 175-183.
Liu, Z., B. Xu, L. Li, and J. Sun. 2011. Host-size mediated trade-off in a parasitoid Sclerodermus harmandi. PLoS ONE. 6(8): e23260.
Mackauer, M., and R. Sequeira. 1993. Patterns of development in insect parasites. Parasites and Pathogens of Insects, Vol. 1: Parasites Beckage, N. E. and S. N. Thompson, eds. pp. 1–23. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, United States of America.
Napoleon, M.E., and B.H. King.1999. Offspring sex ratio response to host size in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 46: 325-332.
Olson, D.M., K. Takasu, and W.J. Lewis. 2005. Food needs of adult parasitoids: Behavioral adaptations and consequences. Accessed: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285831374. Accessed Nov. 14, 2021.
Salt, G. 1940. Experimental studies in insect parasitism. VII. The effects of different hosts on the parasite Trichogramma evanescens Westw. (Hym.: Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 15A: 81-124.
Salt, G. 1941. The effects of hosts upon their insect parasites. Biological Reviews. 16: 239-64.
Sandlan, K.P. 1982. Host suitability and its effects on parasitoid biology in Coccygomimus turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 75: 217-21.
Strand, M.R., and S. Vinson. 1983. Factors affecting host recognition and acceptance in the egg parasitoid Telenomus heliothidis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Environmental Entomology. 12: 1114–1119.
Stanley, R.G., and H.F. Linskens. 1974. Pollen-Biology, Biochemistry, Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Thurston, R., and P.M. Fox. 1972. Inhibition by nicotine of emergence of Apanteles congregatus from its host, the tobacco hornworm. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 65: 547-50.
Wäckers, F.L., P.C.J. van Rijn, and G.E. Heimpel. 2008. Honeydew as a food source for natural enemies: Making the best of a bad meal? Biological Control. 45: 176–184.
Wylie, H.G. 1965. Effects of superparasitism on Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The Canadian Entomologist. 97: 326-331.
