Effects of biocontrol agents and pesticides on pest and disease management in green oak lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var crispa) in greenhouses.
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Abstract
Agriculture for green economy is in the current trend. Thailand has continuous expansion in the green agricultural economy. Thus, a main driving force is reduction of environmental impact coincided with increased productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the biocontrol effectiveness of three biocontrol agents (BCAs), including Trichoderma asperellum TBRC 4734, Metarhizium anisopliae BCC 4849 and Beauveria bassiana BCC 2660 to compare with pesticide for insect pest and disease control, vegetable product quality, chemical soil properties, pesticide residue in soil and green oak lettuce plantation in greenhouse. Plant diseases were not detected in all the treatments. On the other hand, two insect pests were found, including thrips (in the order Thysanoptera) and tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Both BCA and synthetic-BCA combined treatments led to a notable decrease in the pest population in the 2nd to 3rd week period. The BCA treatment decreased the thrips and tobacco whitefly populations by 75.5 and 42.4%, respectively. The synthetic-BCA combination decreased the thrips and tobacco whitely populations by 90.1 and 15.6%, respectively. While the synthetic treatment could control in first week (1st to 2nd) but 2nd to 3rd week period resulted in increases of the populations of two pests by 28.6 and 35.0%, respectively. For the soil environment, the BCA treatment also led to an increase of the available nitrate by 343.3 mg/kg at the end of treatment compared to the start period. The nitrate was reduced by 168.6 mg/kg in the synthetic treatment. For chemical residue, no pesticide residue was found in the BCA treatment, strikingly in contrast to the finding of 333.9 and 10.7 mg/kg carbaryl in soil and lettuce for the synthetic treatment, respectively. Our study revealed that BCAs are effective alternatives for pest management in green oak lettuce, consequently mitigating pesticide and environmental impacts for GAP and organic agriculture.
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References
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