The influence of goat manure biochar amendment to adjust C/N in combination with microbial activator on the decomposition pattern of water hyacinth compost
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Abstract
This study aims to investigate the influence of goat manure biochar on adjusting the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) and the use of two types of microbial activators (MA) that affect some properties of water hyacinth compost. The experiment consisted of six treatments as follows: 1) C/N = 30:1, 2) C/N = 30:1+MA1, 3) C/N = 30:1+MA2, 4) C/N = 35:1, 5) C/N = 35:1+MA1, and 6) C/N = 35:1+MA2. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was performed. The results showed that during the first 17 days of decomposition, all treatments with an initial C/N ratio value of 30:1 had a higher average temperature than those with an initial C/N ratio value of 35:1. Specifically, the C/N = 30:1+MA1 treatment exhibited the highest average temperature of 52.9 ˚C and maintained a high temperature (>50 ˚C) for seven days (P<0.05). On day 56 of the experiment, the C/N = 30:1+MA1 treatment showed the lowest percentage reduction in organic carbon of 29.90%, which corresponded to 23.92% of carbon lost through decomposition. The same treatment had a C/N ratio of 18.7 on day 56, the highest total nitrogen content at 1.6% (P<0.05), a pH of 7.55, and a percentage moisture content of the composted material of 17.55%. In addition, the treatment C/N = 35:1+MA1 also had the highest ß-glucosidase activity at 266.7 µg p-nitrophenol/g compost/h (P<0.05). This study suggests that the concentration of goat manure biochar in compost material can be used to control the C/N ratio and that the selection of microbial activators plays a crucial role in affecting the decomposition pattern of water hyacinth compost.
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