Effects of canopy management and fertilization on robusta coffee’s growth and bean

Abstract

Robusta coffee is an important economic crop. However, limited knowledge among farmers regarding appropriate fertilizer management and canopy pruning practices often results in suboptimal yield and quality, falling short of market demands. One key reason is that most coffee farmers lack knowledge of proper fertilizer management and canopy pruning techniques. Therefore, appropriate management methods are necessary to enhance production efficiency and improve coffee quality. This study aimed to determine suitable canopy management practices and fertilizer application rates for the growth and yield of robusta coffee. The experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field in Si Khit subdistrict, Sichon district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, using a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD). The study consisted of two factors. The first factor comprised management, which included (1) no pruning, (2) pruning, and (3) bending. The second factor was composed of nutrient management, which included the following fertilizer applications (1) N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 0.5:0.06:0.5 kg/tree, (2) N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 0.5:0.06:1.0 kg/tree, and (3) N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 0.5:0.06:1.5 kg/tree. The experiment was conducted on 4-year-old coffee trees. Growth and yield characteristics were monitored over a period of one year. The results of this experiment indicated that pruning combined with proper fertilizer application enhances coffee yield by optimizing tree structure for better light and nutrient absorption. This leads to improved growth, strength, and fruit production. As yield increases, farmers can supply more to the market, meeting demand and contributing to economic stability.