๊Utilization of biochar as a carrier material for developing slow-release nitrogen fertilizer
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Abstract
Nitrogen loss from urea fertilizers through processes such as leaching, volatilization, and microbial transformation significantly reduces fertilizer use efficiency and causes environmental concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of three types of biochar derived from agricultural residues (rice husk, lychee leaves, and bamboo) in terms of nitrogen sorption and desorption from urea under controlled laboratory conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications, considering two factors: biochar type (3 types) and shaking time (1, 2, 6, and 24 hours). The results revealed that rice husk biochar exhibited the highest nitrogen sorption at 1 hour but declined rapidly thereafter. In contrast, lychee and bamboo biochars showed slower but more stable sorption rates. Lychee biochar released nitrogen the fastest within the first 1–2 hours, indicating weak adsorption strength, while bamboo biochar released nitrogen rapidly at first but retained it more effectively over time. Rice husk biochar, although it showed quick adsorption, exhibited the slowest nitrogen release, making it the most suitable for controlled-release applications. Regarding shaking time, 1 hour resulted in the highest nitrogen sorption, while 6 hours resulted in the highest nitrogen desorption. In conclusion, rice husk biochar demonstrates the most favorable characteristics for developing slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, contributing to enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, reduced environmental loss, and more sustainable agricultural practices.
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References
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