Adsorption potential of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide derived from common geloina shells (Geloina expansa) for phosphate removal from simulated wastewater
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Abstract
This study investigates the phosphate adsorption efficiency of sorbent materials derived from common geloina shells (Geloina expansa) by comparing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium oxide (CaO). The adsorption performance was evaluated under various conditions, including contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and adsorption behavior based on isotherm models. The chemical composition analysis of G. expansa shells revealed that the CaCO3, CaO and total inorganic content was 96.23±1.94, 55.54±0.17 and 96.95±0.44% by weight, respectively. Results revealed that CaO exhibited significantly higher phosphate adsorption efficiency (P<0.05) than CaCO3 under all tested conditions, achieving up to 98.19% removal within 150 minutes. CaO maintained high performance especially under neutral to alkaline conditions. In contrast, CaCO3 achieved a maximum adsorption of only 31.02% at pH 4, with efficiency decreasing at higher pH levels. Regarding dosage, CaO demonstrated high phosphate removal efficiency (93.81%) even at low amounts (0.02 g/50 mL), while CaCO3 showed less stable and performance. Isotherm analysis showed that the Langmuir and Freundlich models fit the CaO adsorption data well, indicating effective monolayer adsorption (qmax = 131.58 mg/g, R² = 0.9637) on heterogeneous surfaces. While CaCO3 showed limitations in surface area and active adsorption sites. These findings suggest that transforming common geloina shells into CaO via calcination significantly enhances phosphate adsorption capacity. This highlights the eco-friendly potential of utilizing marine biowaste for pollution management in wastewater treatment.
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References
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