Physicochemical characteristics and carbon sequestration potential of biochar derived from agricultural biomass residues in agroforestry areas of Uttaradit Province
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Abstract
This study analyzed and compared the physicochemical properties of biochar derived from eight agricultural biomass types in Uttaradit Province: durian husk, fruit tree branches, cassava root, tamarind wood, cashew nut shell, macadamia husk, bamboo node, and corncob. Biochar was produced via slow pyrolysis (300–600 °C) using a retort furnace to evaluate its carbon sequestration and soil amendment potential for acidic upland agroforestry areas. Proximate analysis indicated high fixed carbon (FC) content (70–90%) across all types, with macadamia husk achieving the highest (90±0.53%), followed by bamboo nodes (85±0.42%). Corncob biochar exhibited the highest water adsorption efficiency at 70%, followed by durian husk (65%). Chemical characterization revealed predominantly alkaline properties (pH 6.56±0.76–10.42±0.98). Durian husk biochar emerged as a superior soil amendment, with the highest cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 86.50±0.34 cmol/kg and a rich nutrient profile: nitrogen (2.24±0.28%), phosphorus (0.30±0.02%), and potassium (8.47±0.85%). The C/N ratio varied from 27.57±0.45 (cassava root) to 275.28±2.45 (macadamia husk). The study categorized the biochars into three functional groups: 1) Nutrient-rich/microbial stimulants (durian husk/cassava root), 2) Specific potential sources: such as corncob, notable for zinc content (250.82±0.34 mg/kg), and 3) Long-term carbon sequestration agents (macadamia husk/woody biomass). These findings provide a scientific basis for mitigating strongly acidic soils (pH 3.5–5.0) and ameliorating the properties of weathered shale soils that lack water and nutrient retention capacities, ultimately supporting sustainable low-carbon agriculture in sloping terrains.
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References
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