Species of Ants and Their Relationship with Green Scale Insects on Arabica Coffee Trees in Northern Thailand
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Abstract
Ant species and their relationship with green scale insects Coccus viridis, on arabica coffee trees in northern Thailand were carried out from three coffee plantations in different altitudes: 1) Ban Pa Miang (ca. 930 m a.s.l.), Doi Saket district, Chiang Mai province; 2) Ban Khun Lao (1,200 m a.s.l.), Wiang Papao district, Chiang Rai province, and 3) Khun Chang Khian (1,350 m a.s.l.), Mueang district, Chiang Mai province. A total of 78 species, 27 genera in six subfamilies was found in the study areas. Among them, 51 species, 22 genera in six subfamilies were collected from Ban Pa Miang; 45 species, 19 genera in five subfamilies from Ban Khun Lao; and 33 species, 18 genera in five subfamilies from Khun Chang Khian. We found that ants as well as green scale insects were abundant in rainy season then gradually decreased in dry season. The most dispersals of green scale insect were found at Ban Pa Miang, while at least in Khun Chang Khian. The correlation between ants and green scale insects was positive. A total of 48 ant species were found inhabiting on the same coffee trees with green scale insects, among them, 12 ant species associated with green scale insects, which were Dolichoderus butteli, Dolichoderus feae, Dolichoderus taprobanae, Dolichoderus thoracicus, Tapinoma melanocephalum, Technomyrmex albipes, Technomyrmex modiglianii, Technomyrmex yamanei, Anoplolepis gracilipes, Oecophylla smaragdina, Crematogaster rogenhoferi and Pheidole dugasi.
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