Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Highland Rice Landraces in Chiang Rai Province
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Abstract
Highland rice landraces are the unique germplasm containing useful traits and significant valuable genetic resources for the future crop improvement. The objectives of this present study were to determine population structure and genetic diversity using 12 microsatellite loci, including 23 morphological characteristics of highland rice landraces in Chiang Rai province which had 19 populations in total representing of 19 farmers’ seed lots from 3 different elevations i.e. low (<500 MASL), medium (500-1,000 MASL) and high (>1,000 MASL). The results illustrated that the highland rice landraces at the low elevation had the highest level of morphological variation and genetic diversity than the medium and high elevations. The structure analysis found that at K=2 highland rice landrace populations in the present study were structured into 2 groups according to the subspecies types; indica and tropical japonica group, while at K=4 the highland rice landraces populations were structured into 4 groups associate to subspecies types and elevations. Such the structure of highland rice landraces in the present study was the consequence of the local adaptation. Understanding the genetic structure and genetic diversity of highland rice landraces varieties can be used as a guideline for conservation, while it should focus on both ex situ conservation and in situ conservation. Moreover, these genetic resources can also be utilized for the future rice breeding programs.
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