Phosphate Solubilization and Detoxification Mechanism of Arsenic-resistant Bacteria
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Abstract
Arsenic (As), known as the 'king of poisons', is the most prevalent heavy metals in most contaminated agricultural-soils of northern Thailand, thus a high risk of food-chain contamination and people health. Many microbes transform arsenic to a less toxic form as a means of resistance. In this study, evaluation of pH alteration and phosphate solubilizing ability under various concentrations of arsenite by five selected isolates i.e. BAs7, BAs8, BAs11, BAs19 and BAs29, was performed. The results indicated that each isolate was able to grow in the medium containing arsenite only when they were able to increase the pH to be more alkali (around ≥ 5.0-6.0) indicating an alkali substance(s) might be released as a detoxification mechanism. Phosphate solubilizing ability of each isolate was increased when exposed to higher arsenite concentration indicating less arsenic uptake thus higher resistance ability. However, the P solubilizing ability was obviously decreased at a critical arsenite levels which were varied from isolate to isolate. In the present study, the critical arsenic levels that markedly decreased the ability to solubilize P of BAs7, BAs 8, BAs11, BAs19 and BAs29 were 50, 100, 50, 100 and 100 mg Na-As(III), respectively. The results highlighted the two detoxification mechanisms; pH alteration towards alkali condition and capability increment of P solubilization, of the arsenic resistant isolates.
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