การประเมินการกร่อนดินและการสูญเสียธาตุอาหารภายใต้มาตรการอนุรักษ์ดินและน้ำในพื้นที่ปลูกข้าวโพดเลี้ยงสัตว์ อำเภอเขาสวนกวาง จังหวัดขอนแก่น
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ก.ย. 20, 2019
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การกร่อน การอนุรักษ์ดิน มูลค่าทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ ข้าวโพดเลี้ยงสัตว์ ดินดอน
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บทคัดย่อ
ศึกษาการประเมินการกร่อนดินและการสูญเสียธาตุอาหารภายใต้มาตรการอนุรักษ์ดินและน้ำในพื้นที่ปลูกข้าวโพดเลี้ยงสัตว์ใน อ.เขาสวนกวาง จ.ขอนแก่น โดยวางแผนการทดลองแบบสุ่มบล็อกสมบูรณ์ (RCBD) จำนวน 4 ซ้ำ 7 ตำรับการทดลอง พบว่า ความหนาแน่นรวมของดินและค่าสัมประสิทธิ์การนำน้ำที่อิ่มตัวด้วยน้ำทุกตำรับการทดลองไม่มีความแตกต่างทางสถิติ การใส่ปุ๋ยตามค่าวิเคราะห์ดินร่วมกับการปลูกถั่วเหลือง หญ้าแฝก และปุ๋ยชีวภาพไมคอร์ไรซา ส่งผลให้ค่าความจุน้ำใช้ประโยชน์ได้มีค่าสูงที่สุด (14.92%) ขณะที่วิธีปฏิบัติของเกษตรกรมีค่าต่ำที่สุด (7.49%) การใส่ปุ๋ยตามค่าวิเคราะห์ดินร่วมกับการปลูกถั่วเหลือง หญ้าแฝกและปุ๋ยชีวภาพไมคอร์ไรซา ส่งผลให้มีปริมาณน้ำไหลบ่า (22.75 ลูกบาศก์เมตร/ไร่) ตะกอน (0.15 ตัน/ไร่) และการสูญเสียธาตุอาหารต่ำที่สุด (N = 0.011 P = 0.0039 และ K = 0.0046 กิโลกรัม/ไร่) มูลค่าการสูญเสียทางเศรษฐศาสตร์จากการกร่อนดินพบว่าวิธีปฏิบัติของเกษตรกรมีการสูญเสียสูงที่สุด (20.98 บาท/ไร่/ฤดูปลูก) ด้านผลผลิตของข้าวโพดเลี้ยงสัตว์พบว่า การใส่ปุ๋ยเคมีร่วมกับการปลูกถั่วเหลือง หญ้าแฝก และใส่ปุ๋ยชีวภาพไมคอร์ไรซามีผลให้น้ำหนักฝัก (668.42 กิโลกรัม/ไร่) เปลือก (117.33 กิโลกรัม/ไร่) ซัง (88.89 กิโลกรัม/ไร่) เมล็ด (579.11 กิโลกรัม/ไร่) และความเข้มข้นของธาตุไนโตรเจน ฟอสฟอรัส และโพแทสเซียมที่สะสมอยู่ในลำต้น (1.83 0.26 และ 0.41%) ใบ (1.16 0.34 และ 0.55%) เปลือก (0.55 0.34 และ 0.31%) ซัง (0.93 0.18 และ 0.35%) และเมล็ด (1.47 0.84 และ 0.33%) ของข้าวโพดเลี้ยงสัตว์สูงที่สุด นอกจากนี้ การใส่ปุ๋ยเคมีร่วมกับการอนุรักษ์ดินแบบต่าง ๆ มีผลให้ปริมาณอินทรียวัตถุในดินและธาตุอาหารพืชที่เป็นประโยชน์สูงกว่าวิธีปฏิบัติของเกษตรกร ดังนั้น การปลูกข้าวโพดเลี้ยงสัตว์ภายใต้มาตรการอนุรักษ์ดินและน้ำบนพื้นที่ดอนสามารถลดการกร่อนดินและการสูญเสียธาตุอาหารได้
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References
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Hidayat, Y. K., Murtilaksono and N. Sinukaban. 2012. Characterization of surface runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss on forest-agriculture landscape. Journal of Tropical Soils 17: 259-266.
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Kang, B.T., G.F. Wilson and L. Sipkens. 1981. Alley cropping maize (Zea mays L.) and leucaena (Leuceana leucocephala Lam) in southern Nigeria. Plant and Soil 63: 165-179.
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Khamkajorn, T. 2015. Assessing erosion and nutrient losses under soil and water conservation measures in upland rubber plantation: A case study Wang Thong District, Phisanulok Province. M.S. Thesis. Naresuan University, Phisanulok. 93 p. (in Thai)
Kittiwirote, K. and T. Kongkaew. 2007. Soil erosion, nutrient balance and economic value of various soil and water conservation methods and farmer’s perspective after transfer the knowledge of soil and Water conservation systems. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 35(4): 521-530. (in Thai)
Lal, R. 2001. Soil degradation by erosion. Land Degradation 12: 519-539.
Land Classification Division. 1973. Soil Interpretation Handbook for Thailand. Land Development Department, Bangkok. (in Thai)
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Levan, D. and P. Truong. 2003. Vetiver grass system for erosion control on severe acid sulfate soil on southern Vietnam. pp. 284-292. In: P. Truong and H.P. Xia (eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vetiver and Exhibition: Vetiver and Water. Guangzhou, China.
Lima, P.L.T., M.L.N. Silva, J.N. Quinton, P. V. G. Batista, B.M. Cândido and N. Curi. 2018. Relationship among crop systems, soil cover, and water erosion on a Typic Hapludox. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 42: e0170081.
Lobo, D., Z. Lozano and F. Delgado. 2005. Water erosion risk assessment and impact on productivity of a Venezuela soil. Catena 64(2-3): 297-306.
Mala, T. 2003. Organic Fertilizer and Bio-fertilizer: Application and Production Techniques. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 300 p. (in Thai)
Mann, L., V. Tolbert and J. Cushmann. 2002. Potential environmental effects of corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal with emphasis on soil organic matter and erosion. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89(3): 149-166.
Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Research Center. 2017. Hybrid maize Nakhon Sawan 3. Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 5, Nakhon Sawan. (in Thai)
National Soil Survey Center. 1996. Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. Soil Survey Investigation No. 42, Version 3. United States Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebraska.
Office of Agricultural Economics. 2017. Agricultural Statistics of Thailand 2016-2017. Office of Agricultural Economics, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Oshunsanya, S.O. 2013. Spacing effects of vetiver grass (Vetiveria nigritana Stapf) hedgerows on soil accumulation and yields of maize-cassava intercropping system in southwest Nigeria. Catena 104: 120-126.
Osotsapar, Y. 2000. Plant nutritions. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. 529 p. (in Thai)
Osotsapar, Y., A. Wongmaneeroj and C. Hongprayoon. 2008. Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 519 p. (in Thai)
Paisancharoen, K., A. Nunthakit, S. Meunchang and P. Panpruik. 2008. Effect of organic, chemical and bio-fertilizers on maize (var. Nakhon Sawan 2) production in Wang Saphung soil series. Thai Agricultural Research Journal 26(1): 82-90. (in Thai)
Pimentel, D. 2006. Soil erosion: A food and environmental threat. Environment, Development and Sustainability 8: 119-137.
Poomipan, P. 2013. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant, soil and environment. Thai Journal of Science and Technology 2(2): 91-101. (in Thai)
Reuter, D.J. and J.B. Robinson. 1997. Plant Analysis: An Interpretation Manual, 2nd ed. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.
Sampet, C. 1999. Physiology of Crop Production. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. 284 p. (in Thai)
Soil Science Faculty Staff. 2005. Introduction to Soil Science. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 547 p. (in Thai)
Soil Survey Division. 1993. Soil Survey Manual. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 18. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Sukhkasem, A., S. Anusontpornperm, I. Kheoruenromne, A. Suddhiprakarn and S. Thanachit. 2017. Effect of long-term soil and water conservation measure on soil erosion and carbon sequestration under field crop practices. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 45(2): 285-296. (in Thai)
Takim, F.O. 2012. Advantages of maize-cowpea intercropping over sole cropping through competition indices. Journal of Agriculture and Biodiversity Research 1(4): 53-58.
Wongkrachang, S. and B. Rattaneetu. 2013. Sandy soils management for agriculture. Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal 5(4): 184-194. (in Thai)
Wright, S.F. and A. Upadhyaya. 1998. A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of AM fungi. Plant and Soil 198: 97-107.
Xia, H.P., H.X. AO, D.Q. He and S.Z. Liu. 1996. A study on vetiver grass in soil amelioration, and soil and moisture conservation. Tropical Geography 16: 265-270.
Yang, X.M. and M.M. Wander. 1999. Tillage effects on soil organic carbon distribution and storage in silt loam soil in Illinois. Soil and Tillage Research 52: 1-9.
Yomyart, S. 2014. Rhizobium. The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Babalola, O., S.O. Oshunsanya and K. Are. 2005. Continuous cultivation of maize under vetiver grass strip management; runoff, soil loss, nutrient losses and maize yields. Ibadan Journal of Agricultural Research 2: 16-26.
Bedini, S., E. Pellegrino, L. Avio, S. Pellegrini, P. Bazzoffi, E. Argese and M. Giovannetti. 2009. Changes in soil aggregation and glomalin-related soil protein content as affected by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 1491-1496.
Bertol, I.B., E.L. Mello, J.C. Guadagnin, A.L.V. Zaparolli and M.R. Carrafa. 2003. Nutrient losses by water erosion. Scientia Agricola 60: 581-586.
Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2008. The Nature and Properties of Soil. 14th ed. Pearson, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Cerdá, A. 2007. Soil water erosion on road embankments in eastern Spain. Science of the Total Environment 378: 151-155.
Department of Agriculture. 2005. Recommendation of fertilizer application for economic crops. pp. 21-24. In: Paper No.8/2005. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Ekasing, B., P. Gypmantasiri and K. Thong-ngam. 2001. Assess potentials, alternatives and needs of maize farmer in major maize growing areas of Thailand 2000. The Multiple Cropping Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. (in Thai)
Greenfield, J.C. 1990. Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria spp.): The Ideal Plant for Vegetative Soil and Moisture Conservation. Asia Technical Department, Agriculture Division, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Grimshaw, R.G. 1993. The Role of Vetiver Grass in Sustaining Agricultural Productivity. Asia Technical Department, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Havlin, J.L., J.D. Beaton, S.L. Tisdale and W.L. Nelson. 2005. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management. 7th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Hidayat, Y. K., Murtilaksono and N. Sinukaban. 2012. Characterization of surface runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss on forest-agriculture landscape. Journal of Tropical Soils 17: 259-266.
Kaewkunya, C., A. Yubonwat, A. Muktawat, S. Pholpharit and O. Yonpim. 2018. Effects of intercropping on the performance of corn and cowpea grown on lateritic soil. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 46 (Supplement Issue 1): 405-411. (in Thai)
Kang, B.T., G.F. Wilson and L. Sipkens. 1981. Alley cropping maize (Zea mays L.) and leucaena (Leuceana leucocephala Lam) in southern Nigeria. Plant and Soil 63: 165-179.
Kasivivat, A., C. La-ied and S. Boonpradub. 2004. Study on Corn-based cropping system on sloping lands in Phetchabun province. Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 2, Phetchabun. (in Thai)
Khamkajorn, T. 2015. Assessing erosion and nutrient losses under soil and water conservation measures in upland rubber plantation: A case study Wang Thong District, Phisanulok Province. M.S. Thesis. Naresuan University, Phisanulok. 93 p. (in Thai)
Kittiwirote, K. and T. Kongkaew. 2007. Soil erosion, nutrient balance and economic value of various soil and water conservation methods and farmer’s perspective after transfer the knowledge of soil and Water conservation systems. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 35(4): 521-530. (in Thai)
Lal, R. 2001. Soil degradation by erosion. Land Degradation 12: 519-539.
Land Classification Division. 1973. Soil Interpretation Handbook for Thailand. Land Development Department, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Land Development Department. 2000. Soil Loss in Thailand. Land Development Department, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Land Development Department. 2011. Area and soil loss rates according to the land use in each regions of Thailand. (online), Available: https://www.ldd.go.th/ofsweb/thaisoil/p10.htm (September 25, 2018). (in Thai)
Levan, D. and P. Truong. 2003. Vetiver grass system for erosion control on severe acid sulfate soil on southern Vietnam. pp. 284-292. In: P. Truong and H.P. Xia (eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vetiver and Exhibition: Vetiver and Water. Guangzhou, China.
Lima, P.L.T., M.L.N. Silva, J.N. Quinton, P. V. G. Batista, B.M. Cândido and N. Curi. 2018. Relationship among crop systems, soil cover, and water erosion on a Typic Hapludox. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 42: e0170081.
Lobo, D., Z. Lozano and F. Delgado. 2005. Water erosion risk assessment and impact on productivity of a Venezuela soil. Catena 64(2-3): 297-306.
Mala, T. 2003. Organic Fertilizer and Bio-fertilizer: Application and Production Techniques. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 300 p. (in Thai)
Mann, L., V. Tolbert and J. Cushmann. 2002. Potential environmental effects of corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal with emphasis on soil organic matter and erosion. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89(3): 149-166.
Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Research Center. 2017. Hybrid maize Nakhon Sawan 3. Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 5, Nakhon Sawan. (in Thai)
National Soil Survey Center. 1996. Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. Soil Survey Investigation No. 42, Version 3. United States Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebraska.
Office of Agricultural Economics. 2017. Agricultural Statistics of Thailand 2016-2017. Office of Agricultural Economics, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Oshunsanya, S.O. 2013. Spacing effects of vetiver grass (Vetiveria nigritana Stapf) hedgerows on soil accumulation and yields of maize-cassava intercropping system in southwest Nigeria. Catena 104: 120-126.
Osotsapar, Y. 2000. Plant nutritions. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. 529 p. (in Thai)
Osotsapar, Y., A. Wongmaneeroj and C. Hongprayoon. 2008. Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 519 p. (in Thai)
Paisancharoen, K., A. Nunthakit, S. Meunchang and P. Panpruik. 2008. Effect of organic, chemical and bio-fertilizers on maize (var. Nakhon Sawan 2) production in Wang Saphung soil series. Thai Agricultural Research Journal 26(1): 82-90. (in Thai)
Pimentel, D. 2006. Soil erosion: A food and environmental threat. Environment, Development and Sustainability 8: 119-137.
Poomipan, P. 2013. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant, soil and environment. Thai Journal of Science and Technology 2(2): 91-101. (in Thai)
Reuter, D.J. and J.B. Robinson. 1997. Plant Analysis: An Interpretation Manual, 2nd ed. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.
Sampet, C. 1999. Physiology of Crop Production. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. 284 p. (in Thai)
Soil Science Faculty Staff. 2005. Introduction to Soil Science. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 547 p. (in Thai)
Soil Survey Division. 1993. Soil Survey Manual. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 18. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Sukhkasem, A., S. Anusontpornperm, I. Kheoruenromne, A. Suddhiprakarn and S. Thanachit. 2017. Effect of long-term soil and water conservation measure on soil erosion and carbon sequestration under field crop practices. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 45(2): 285-296. (in Thai)
Takim, F.O. 2012. Advantages of maize-cowpea intercropping over sole cropping through competition indices. Journal of Agriculture and Biodiversity Research 1(4): 53-58.
Wongkrachang, S. and B. Rattaneetu. 2013. Sandy soils management for agriculture. Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal 5(4): 184-194. (in Thai)
Wright, S.F. and A. Upadhyaya. 1998. A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of AM fungi. Plant and Soil 198: 97-107.
Xia, H.P., H.X. AO, D.Q. He and S.Z. Liu. 1996. A study on vetiver grass in soil amelioration, and soil and moisture conservation. Tropical Geography 16: 265-270.
Yang, X.M. and M.M. Wander. 1999. Tillage effects on soil organic carbon distribution and storage in silt loam soil in Illinois. Soil and Tillage Research 52: 1-9.
Yomyart, S. 2014. Rhizobium. The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, Bangkok. (in Thai)