Management Guidelines for Areas Overlapping between Agricultural Land Reform and Core Areas in the Ranong Biosphere Reserve

Abstract

The core areas of Ranong Biosphere Reserve are designated for ecosystem and biodiversity conservation, prohibiting any human activity and allowing only research activities. However, it overlaps with areas under land reform, which permits agriculture, creating a land–use conflict. This study aims to investigate the socio–economic characteristics of landholders, analyze land use patterns, and propose guidelines for management. Data collection methods included observation, in – depth interviews with key informants, focus group discussions, and surveys using structured interviews with 28 landholders. The qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis, while quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentages, and means. Additionally, land use analysis for individual plots, SWOT analysis, and scenario analysis were employed to synthesize approaches for land use management.

The results showed that the average household owns 9 rai and 66 square wahs (14,664 m²). The total arable area under land reform within the core areas of the Ranong Biosphere Reserve is approximately 340 rai (544,000 m²). Land use patterns identified include: 1) rubber plantations, 2) rubber mixed with other plants, 3) fruit orchards mixed with other plants, and 4) abandoned land. Proposed management approaches are outlined under three scenarios: 1) land expropriation, 2) maintenance of the original boundaries, and 3) rezoning the core area. Recommended action guidelines include 1) participatory land use planning and management, 2) knowledge transfer to landholders, 3) establishing mechanisms for protecting and maintaining the area, 4) setting up community rules and regulations for land use management, 5) development of learning spaces, and 6) promoting eco–tourism as a vocation.