Heterosis and Selection Heat Tolerance in Chinese Cabbage
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Abstract
Chinese cabbage is a vegetable crop cultivated ubiquitously in the upper northern region in the winter season because it needs cold temperature to induce the heading. It is also popularly consumed in Thailand and other countries. The objective of this study is to select the hybrid variety that has heterosis over the parental line and is heat tolerant for growing in Thailand. The experiment was conducted, from April to June 2020, in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 30 hybrid varieties, six parental lines, and two commercial varieties, and three replications. The results showed that three hybrids (PR4 x PR1, PR3 x PR1 and PR2 x PR6) are heading in the summer season, with the long head shape and the head shape index above 1.5. Moreover, their yield weights after trimming are relatively higher compared to both commercial varieties and other hybrids. However, the hybrid of PR1 x PR2, PR2 x PR6, PR3 x PR1, PR4 x PR1 and PR6 x PR3 showed positive heterosis in all traits such as plant height, canopy width, leaf number, leaf width, leaf length, weight before trimming and weight after trimming. These indicated that many varieties from cross-hybridization have great potential for hybrid improvement for growing in Thailand as their heading can take place year-round, while they can produce both high yield weight and the head shape preferred by consumers.
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