Evaluation of Rc and development of Rd markers of white pericarp RD49 and red pericarp Red Hawm Thai rice varieties
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Red pericarp color in rice is increasing in popularity due to its antioxidant source which promotes several health benefits. The functional Rc gene located in chromosome 7, is a domestication-related gene which is reported to control the red color in the pericarp. However, Rc together with Rd gene is also reported to involve in increasing the red color in the pericarp. The study aimed to find and evaluate DNA marker for Rc gene from published journals, develop marker for Rd gene and validate Rc and Rd markers using the segregating BC1F2 population of RD49 (white pericarp) and Red Hawm (red pericarp). Results showed that the reported Indel-Rc-F/Indel-Rc-R and the designed Rd-F3/Rd-R3 for Rc and Rd gene, respectively, can distinguished between donor parent Red Hawm and recurrent parent RD49. Moreover, Indel-Rc and Rd-F3/Rd-R3 markers accurately anneal to Rc and Rd gene, respectively. Results in validation showed that Indel-Rc-F/Indel-Rc-R primer in BC1F2 plant population and BC1F3 seed families followed the 1:2:1 genotypic ratio and 3:1 phenotypic ratio respectively, for single dominant gene. Indel-Rc marker showed cosegregation in the phenotype of the BC1F3 seed families which have red and white pericarp. The designed Rd-F3/Rd-R3 marker for Rd gene failed to cosegregate with the phenotype resulting in both red and white pericarp in each RdHRdH, RdHRdD and RdDRdD genotypes. Based from these results, only Rc/rc gene is involved in red and white pericarp coloration in Red Hawm and RD49 population. The efficiency and accuracy of Indel-Rc marker can be used in molecular-assisted backcrossing to improve RD49 white to red pericarp in the future.
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