Replacement of Fish Meal by Plant Protein Sources in Hybrid Pangasius catfish (Pangasinodon gigas × P. hypophthalmus) diet
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Abstract
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary fishmeal replacement with plant protein mixtures (defatted-soybean meal, peanut meal and wheat gluten) in diets for hybrid
Pangasius catfish (initial body weight 3.00±0.00 g). Five isonitrogenous (crude protein 28%) and isoenergetic experimental diets (18 MJ/kg diet) were formulated at different levels of plant protein
replacement 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% to replace fish meal. Three replicate groups of 20 fish each were fed two times daily until satiation for 8 weeks. The results from this study showed that specific growth rate (SGR) in fish fed diet with 100% replacement of fishmeal with plant protein mixtures (1.77±0.11 %/day) was significantly different (P<0.05) than other experimental groups, whereas no significant differences (P>0.05) was found in fish fed diets with 0, 25, 50 and 75% replacement of fishmeal with plant protein mixtures (2.44±0.21, 2.50±0.28, 2.63±0.30 and 2.46±0.03%/day, respectively). Feed conversion ratios (FCR) in fish fed the diets with 50% replacement of fishmeal with plant protein mixtures (1.12±0.13) was significantly different (P<0.05) than those of 75% and 100% (1.38±0.08 and 1.50±0.02, respectively) while apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to the other experimental groups. Blood immunological parameters including white blood cell counts, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity were not significantly different (P>0.05) among fish fed the diets containing 25, 50 and 75% replacement of fishmeal with plant protein mixtures when compared to fish fed the control diet except for those fed the 100% replacement diet, which was significantly different (P<0.05). Intestinal digestive enzymes activities significantly decreased in the treatments containing higher replacement of plant protein. It may be concluded that the 75% replacement of defatted-soybean meal, peanut meal and wheat gluten as plant protein sources in the diet was the optimal level for promotion of the growth performances and blood immunological functions of hybrid Pangasius catfish. However, the optimum feed utilization was 50% replacement level.
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