Genetic diversity of highland rice landraces from ethnic groups in northern Thailand
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Abstract
Climate of highland agricultural area is not suitable for growing elite rice cultivars. Rice landraces thus play an important role on farmers’ livelihood in mountainous area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate morphological traits and genetic diversity using microsatellite markers in 7 rice landraces varieties totally 28 populations from 4 ethnic groups that grow at the altitudes lower and above 1,000 meters above sea level (MASL). The results showed that highland rice landraces illustrated morphological variation both within population and among populations within variety. Three organelle markers indicated that 84% of rice landraces in this study was Tropical japonica type only 16% was Indica type. Highland rice landraces in this study are genetically variable, and structured associated to subspecies types and the altitudes. This study illustrated morphological variation and genetic diversity including population structure of highland rice landraces of ethnic groups in northern Thailand which was the consequence of local adaptation and traditional agriculture practices. Understanding genetic diversity and population structure can be applied as a guideline for conservation strategy of highland rice landraces involved farmers’ managements and local adaptation for furthers utilization. Keywords: Genetic diversity, Local adaptation, Highland rice landrace, Ethnic groups, Population structure, Subspecies types
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