Heterosis of Xebangfai 1 hybrid rice under well water and drought condition in reproductive
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Abstract
Xebangfai 1 is a glutinous rice cultivar which is the most popular in Lao PDR due to its non photosensitive that enable to produce all year round with high eating and cooking quality. Moreover, it was introgressed Sub1 gene for flooding tolerance but it is susceptible to drought stress condition. This research aimed to develop 5 hybrid crosses and to evaluate heterosis of those lines for high yield and drought tolerance. The rice varieties Xebangfai 1 was used as a donor (male parent) and 5 Thai indigenous upland rice varieties included ULR 007 ULR 012, ULR 113, ULR 125 and ULR 199 were female parent. Heterosis of hybrid rice was evaluated for its tolerance to drought condition. Correlation of some agronomic traits related to drought tolerance traits were also examined. The study of heterosis of 5 hybrids rice found that the cross between ULR199/ Xebangfai 1 gave the highest mid-parent heterosis (MH) and better-parent heterosis (BH) in the total yield (MH = 221.2** BH = 168.6**), drought score (MH = -21.4*-32.5*) and leaf rolling score (MH = -22.66*-32.69*). The heterosis revealed that the hybrid was great in drought tolerance characters. grain yield was positively correlated with percent of filled grain (r = 0.91**), 100 grain weight (r = 0.72**), panicle length (r = 0.76**), no. of grain/panicle (r = 0.73**), no. of tiller/plant (r = 0.76**), no. of panicle/plant (r = 0.73**), biological yield (r = 0.90**), root dry weight (r = 0.82**), recovery score (r = 0.77**) and harvest index (r = 0.91**), while it had the negative correlation with percent of unfilled grain (r = -0.90**), drought score (r = -0.46**), leaf rolling score (r= -0.46**) and leaf water potential at 79 DAP (r = -0.48**). This study depicted heterosis of crossed lines has high benefit for hybrid development and breeding program. Moreover, traits related with yield and drought tolerance under water deficit condition could be used as selection criteria under water deficit condition.
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