Grain yield and quality of 20 local rice varieties in flood plain paddy areas during off-season

Abstract

Flood plain areas are important component in the wetland ecosystem. Due to excessive flooding for 3-4 months of the rainy season, farmers have to start planting rice in these areas during off-season at the end of the year.Both local non - glutinous and glutinous rice totally 20 varieties were cultivated in flood plain paddy fields near to the Moon River at Ban Bung Malaeng, Sawang Wirawong district, Ubon Ratchathani province. The purpose of this study was to testify local rice potential in terms of grain yields , yield components and qualities under organic production practices in the off-season rice crop year from January to June 2011. Field experiment was laid out using randomized completely block design with 20 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments comprised of 20 local rice varieties that divided into 4 non-glutinous rice namely So Malee, Khao Banpotch, Mali Daeng and Kam Jai Dam;16 glutinous rice namely Itom Daeng,Hak Phai,Doa Hom,Mak Poh,Neow Hom,Kam Kokdam,Doa Khao,Inn Tok,Phua Mea, Lao Taek,I Loop,Ngung Chang,Hom Rai,Itom Hom,Dam Dang, and Hom Thawee. The results showed that the average grain yields of the rest 16 local rice varieties at 14% moisture content were significantly different (P<0.05 ) from 519 to 963 kg/rai. The highest grain yield (963 kg/rai) was Kam Jai Dam, followed by Dam Dang, Itom Daeng and Khao Banpotch (861, 849 and 844 kg/rai). Inn Tok,Hom Thawee,Itom Hom,and Phu Mea had small differences in average grain yields (722, 720, 704 and 665 kg/rai). The lower grain yields were found in Doa Khao,Hak Phai,Neow Hom,I Loop,So Malee,and Ngung Chang (665, 609, 609, 598, 596, 561 and 548 kg/rai), whereas the lowest average grain yields were Kam Kokdam and Mali Daeng (519 kg/rai). Significant differences (P<0.05) were also found on yield components among local rice varieties. Mali Daeng gave the highest tillers per hill (15.5) while the lowest was Niew Hom (8.8). The maximum panicles per hill and number of filled grain per hill l were found in Hak Phai (14.6 and 1343) and the minimum in Niew Hom (7.1 and 602).Dam Dang,Itom Daeng, and Hom Thawee had the most filled grain weight per hill (37g ) whereas the least one were I loop and Mali Daeng (20g). Doa Khoa gained the highest 1000 grain weight (41g) while the lowest one in Hak Phai (23g). For grain quality test, they found that Khao Banpotch gave the highest percentage of chalky kernels value (2.76). The most brown rice percentage was Doa Khao (78.90%) and the least was Kam Jai Dam (73.73%), whereas Kam Jai Dam gained the maximum husk (26.27%) and the minimum husk (21.10%) was Doa Khao. Every variety showed average rice percentage during 55.68 - 66.10% namely the highest was So Malee, followed by Ngung Chang and Hom Thawee. The maximum whole kernels and head rice were found in Phua Mea, Ngung Chang, and Itom Hom, respectively (46.41, 46.30 and 44.06%). All varieties had the average 1000 grain weight 22.15 - 41.10 grams which the highest in Itom Daeng, followed by Dam Dang,Itom Hom,Phua Mea,Kam Kok Dam,and Inn Tok,respectively.