The effect of culture media on reproductive potential and virulence of entomopathogenic nematode
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Dec 26, 2016
Keywords:
entomopathogenic nematode culture media reproductive potential virulence
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Abstract
One of the main factors that affects the reproductive potential and virulence of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) is the quality of culture media. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different culture media on the number of offspring and median lethal dose (LD50) up to seven cycles of entomopathogenic nematode. Completely Randomized Design was used and EPNs were reared on three different media as follows: 1) Department of Agriculture (DOA) culture media 2) Nutrient-agar media and 3) In vivo as control. Results showed that Nutrient-agar media gave the highest number of offspring in the first and second cycles compared to other treatments. The offspring number was 61.81 and 62.20 IJs/parent, respectively. From the third to seventh cycle, In vivo tended to give higher number of offspring than others. Nematodes which were reared In vivo gave the lowest average median lethal dose (LD50) at 45.97 IJs/host toward seven cycles followed by nutrient-agar media (53.18 IJs/host) and culture media by DOA (53.47 IJs/host). From our results, we can conclude that different culture media affected on number of offspring and virulence only in a few generations. Further studies on developing methods of the beneficial trait stability are urgently needed.
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Sanbudda, P. ., Anupap, T. ., Siri, N. ., & Nimkingrat, P. . (2016). The effect of culture media on reproductive potential and virulence of entomopathogenic nematode. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 44(4), 669–676. retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/agkasetkaj/article/view/250490
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บทความวิจัย (research article)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
นุชนารถ ตั้งจิตสมคิด. ม.ม.ป. เอกสารประกอบการฝึกอบรมเรื่องการผลิตและใช้ไส้เดือนฝอยกำจัดแมลงศัตรูพืช. แหล่งข้อมูล: http://goo.gl/jVxHJk. ค้นเมื่อ 28 พฤษภาคม 2559.
ประกายจันทร์ นิ่มกิ่งรัตน์, นุชรีย์ ศิริ และจันทร์เพ็ญ ชาดาเม็ก. 2556. ประสิทธิภาพไส้เดือนฝอยศัตรูแมลงในการป้องกันกำจัดแมลงหวี่ขาวในพริก. แก่นเกษตร. 42(2): 255-264.
Abu Hatab, M., R. Gaugler, and R.-U. Ehlers. 1998. Influence of culture method on Steinernema glaseri lipids. J. Parasitol. 84: 215-221.
Abu Hatab, M., and R. Gaugler. 2001. Diet composition and lipids of in vitro - produced Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Biological Control. 20: 1-7.
Akhurst, R.J. 1982. Antibiotic activity of Xenorhabdusspp., bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 128: 3061-3065.
Bai, C., D. Shapiro-Ilan, R. Gaugler, and K.R. Hopper. 2005. Stability of beneficial traits in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora through creation of inbred lines. Biological Control. 32(2): 220-227.
Bilgrami, A., R. Gaugler, D. Shapiro-Ilan, and B. Adams. 2006. Source of trait deterioration in entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae during in vivo culture. J. Nematol. 8: 397-409.
Burman, M. 1982. Neoaplectana carpocapsae:Toxin production by axenic insect parasitic nematodes. Nematologica. 28: 62-70.
Burnell, A. 2002. Genetics and genetic improvement. In: Gaugler R. (ed.). Entomopathogenic Nematology. CABI International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 241-263.
Ehlers, R.-U. 2001. Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 56: 623-633.
Elawad, S.A., S.R. Gowen, and N.G.M. Hague. 2001. Progeny production of Steinernema abbasi in lepidopterous larvae. Int. J. Pest. Manage. 47: 17-21.
Epsky, N.D., and J.L. Capinera. 1993. Quantification of invasion of two strains of Steinernema carpocapsae(Weiser) into three lepidopteran larvae. Journal of Nematology. 25: 173-180.
Friedman, M.J., S.E. Langston, and S. Pollitt. 1989. Mass production in liquid culture of insect-killing nematodes. International Patent Application, WO 89/04602.Gaugler, R., and H.K. Kaya. 1990. Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 365.
Georgis, R., A.M. Koppenhofer, L.A. Lacey, G. Belair, L.W. Duncan, P.S. Grewal, M. Samish, L. Tan, P. Torr, and R.W.H.M. van Tol. 2006. Successes and failures in the use of parasitic nematodes for pest control. Biological Control. 38: 103-123.
Glazer, I., and E.E. Lewis. 2000. Bioassays of entomo-pathogenic nematodes. In: Navon A. and Ascher K.R.S. (eds.). Bioassays of entomopathogenic microbes and nematodes. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 229-248.
Grewal, P.S., R.-U. Ehlers, and D. Shapiro-Ilan. 2005. Nematodes as biological control agents. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 505.
Grewal, P.S., S. Bornstein-Forst, A.M. Burnell, and I. Glazer. 2006. Physiological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms of chemoreception, thermobiosis, and anhydrobiosis in entomopathogencic nematodes. Biological Control. 38: 54-65.
Hara, A.H., J.E. Lindegren, and H.K. Kaya. 1981. Monoxenic mass production of the entomogenous nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser on dog food/agar medium. USDA Advances in Agriculture W-16: 8 pp.
Islas-Lopez, M.A., R. Sanjuan-Galindo, A.I. Rodriguez-Hernandez, and N. Chavarria-Hernandez. 2005. Monoxenic production of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae using culture media containing agave juice (aguamiel) from Mexican maguey-pulquero (Agave spp.). Effect of the contents of nitrogen, carbohydrates and fat on infective juvenile production. App. Micro. Biotech. 68: 91-97.
Kaya, H.K., and R. Gaugler. 1993. Entomopathogenic nematodes. Ann Rev Entomol. 38: 181-206.
Nimkingrat, P., S. Khanam, O. Strauch, and R.-U. Ehlers. 2013a. Hybridisation and selective breeding for improvement of low temperature activity of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. BioControl. 58(3): 417-426.
Nimkingrat, P., O. Strauch, and R.-U. Ehlers. 2013b. Hybridisation and genetic selection for improving desiccation tolerance of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. Biocontrol Sci Techn. pp. 348-361.
Segal, D. and I. Glazer. 2000. Genetics for improving biological control agents: the case of entomopathogenic nematodes. Crop Protection. 19: 685-689.
Shapiro-Ilan, D., J.R. Cate, J. Pena, A. Hunsberger, and C.W. McCoy. 1999. Effects of temperature and host range on suppression of Diaprepes abbreviatus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae ) by entomopathogenic nematodes. J. Eco. Ent. 92: 1086-1092.
Shapiro-Ilan, D., and R. Gaugler. 2002. Production technology for entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts. JIMB. 28: 137-146.
Shapiro-Ilan, D., M. Guadalupe Rojas., J.A. Morales-Ramos, E.E. Lewis, and W.L. Tedders. 2008. Ef-fects of host nutrition on virulence and fitness of entomopathogenic nematodes: Lipid- and protein-based supplements in Tenebrio molitor diets. J. Nematol. 40(1): 13-19.
Somasekhar, N., P.S. Grewal, and M.G. Klein. 2002. Genetic variability in stress tolerance and fitness among natural populations of Steinernema carpocapsae. Biological Control. 23: 303-310.
Wang, X., and P.S. Grewal. 2002. Rapid genetic deterioration of environmental tolerance and reproductive potential of an entomopathogenic nematode during laboratory maintenance. Biological Control. 23: 71-78.
White, G.F. 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science. 66: 302-303.
Wouts, W.M. 1981. Mass production of the entomogenous nematode Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) on artificial media. J. Nematol. 13: 467-469.
Yoo, S.K., I. Brown, and R. Gaugler. 2000. Liquid media development for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora: lipid source and concentration. App. Micro. Biotech. 54: 759-763.
ประกายจันทร์ นิ่มกิ่งรัตน์, นุชรีย์ ศิริ และจันทร์เพ็ญ ชาดาเม็ก. 2556. ประสิทธิภาพไส้เดือนฝอยศัตรูแมลงในการป้องกันกำจัดแมลงหวี่ขาวในพริก. แก่นเกษตร. 42(2): 255-264.
Abu Hatab, M., R. Gaugler, and R.-U. Ehlers. 1998. Influence of culture method on Steinernema glaseri lipids. J. Parasitol. 84: 215-221.
Abu Hatab, M., and R. Gaugler. 2001. Diet composition and lipids of in vitro - produced Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Biological Control. 20: 1-7.
Akhurst, R.J. 1982. Antibiotic activity of Xenorhabdusspp., bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 128: 3061-3065.
Bai, C., D. Shapiro-Ilan, R. Gaugler, and K.R. Hopper. 2005. Stability of beneficial traits in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora through creation of inbred lines. Biological Control. 32(2): 220-227.
Bilgrami, A., R. Gaugler, D. Shapiro-Ilan, and B. Adams. 2006. Source of trait deterioration in entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae during in vivo culture. J. Nematol. 8: 397-409.
Burman, M. 1982. Neoaplectana carpocapsae:Toxin production by axenic insect parasitic nematodes. Nematologica. 28: 62-70.
Burnell, A. 2002. Genetics and genetic improvement. In: Gaugler R. (ed.). Entomopathogenic Nematology. CABI International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 241-263.
Ehlers, R.-U. 2001. Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 56: 623-633.
Elawad, S.A., S.R. Gowen, and N.G.M. Hague. 2001. Progeny production of Steinernema abbasi in lepidopterous larvae. Int. J. Pest. Manage. 47: 17-21.
Epsky, N.D., and J.L. Capinera. 1993. Quantification of invasion of two strains of Steinernema carpocapsae(Weiser) into three lepidopteran larvae. Journal of Nematology. 25: 173-180.
Friedman, M.J., S.E. Langston, and S. Pollitt. 1989. Mass production in liquid culture of insect-killing nematodes. International Patent Application, WO 89/04602.Gaugler, R., and H.K. Kaya. 1990. Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 365.
Georgis, R., A.M. Koppenhofer, L.A. Lacey, G. Belair, L.W. Duncan, P.S. Grewal, M. Samish, L. Tan, P. Torr, and R.W.H.M. van Tol. 2006. Successes and failures in the use of parasitic nematodes for pest control. Biological Control. 38: 103-123.
Glazer, I., and E.E. Lewis. 2000. Bioassays of entomo-pathogenic nematodes. In: Navon A. and Ascher K.R.S. (eds.). Bioassays of entomopathogenic microbes and nematodes. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 229-248.
Grewal, P.S., R.-U. Ehlers, and D. Shapiro-Ilan. 2005. Nematodes as biological control agents. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 505.
Grewal, P.S., S. Bornstein-Forst, A.M. Burnell, and I. Glazer. 2006. Physiological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms of chemoreception, thermobiosis, and anhydrobiosis in entomopathogencic nematodes. Biological Control. 38: 54-65.
Hara, A.H., J.E. Lindegren, and H.K. Kaya. 1981. Monoxenic mass production of the entomogenous nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser on dog food/agar medium. USDA Advances in Agriculture W-16: 8 pp.
Islas-Lopez, M.A., R. Sanjuan-Galindo, A.I. Rodriguez-Hernandez, and N. Chavarria-Hernandez. 2005. Monoxenic production of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae using culture media containing agave juice (aguamiel) from Mexican maguey-pulquero (Agave spp.). Effect of the contents of nitrogen, carbohydrates and fat on infective juvenile production. App. Micro. Biotech. 68: 91-97.
Kaya, H.K., and R. Gaugler. 1993. Entomopathogenic nematodes. Ann Rev Entomol. 38: 181-206.
Nimkingrat, P., S. Khanam, O. Strauch, and R.-U. Ehlers. 2013a. Hybridisation and selective breeding for improvement of low temperature activity of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. BioControl. 58(3): 417-426.
Nimkingrat, P., O. Strauch, and R.-U. Ehlers. 2013b. Hybridisation and genetic selection for improving desiccation tolerance of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. Biocontrol Sci Techn. pp. 348-361.
Segal, D. and I. Glazer. 2000. Genetics for improving biological control agents: the case of entomopathogenic nematodes. Crop Protection. 19: 685-689.
Shapiro-Ilan, D., J.R. Cate, J. Pena, A. Hunsberger, and C.W. McCoy. 1999. Effects of temperature and host range on suppression of Diaprepes abbreviatus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae ) by entomopathogenic nematodes. J. Eco. Ent. 92: 1086-1092.
Shapiro-Ilan, D., and R. Gaugler. 2002. Production technology for entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts. JIMB. 28: 137-146.
Shapiro-Ilan, D., M. Guadalupe Rojas., J.A. Morales-Ramos, E.E. Lewis, and W.L. Tedders. 2008. Ef-fects of host nutrition on virulence and fitness of entomopathogenic nematodes: Lipid- and protein-based supplements in Tenebrio molitor diets. J. Nematol. 40(1): 13-19.
Somasekhar, N., P.S. Grewal, and M.G. Klein. 2002. Genetic variability in stress tolerance and fitness among natural populations of Steinernema carpocapsae. Biological Control. 23: 303-310.
Wang, X., and P.S. Grewal. 2002. Rapid genetic deterioration of environmental tolerance and reproductive potential of an entomopathogenic nematode during laboratory maintenance. Biological Control. 23: 71-78.
White, G.F. 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science. 66: 302-303.
Wouts, W.M. 1981. Mass production of the entomogenous nematode Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) on artificial media. J. Nematol. 13: 467-469.
Yoo, S.K., I. Brown, and R. Gaugler. 2000. Liquid media development for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora: lipid source and concentration. App. Micro. Biotech. 54: 759-763.
