Feasibility of lateral flow test strip for ractopamine residue detection in pork and feed sample
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the feasibility of using the developed lateral flow test strip for detecting ractopamine residue in pork and feed samples. Test results were recorded qualitatively by naked eye observation and quantitatively by measuring color intensity of strip images using ImageJ software. The results showed that the cut-off values of the tests were 3, 6, and 5 ng/mL and the limit of detection values were 0.42, 0.85, and 0.89 ng/mL for solution buffer, pork, and feed samples, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the test results were in an acceptable range. Ractopamine residue in pork and feed samples were comparatively detected by both the developed test strips and the commercially available test strips. In addition, the residue in a random group of samples was tested by the LC-MS/MS confirmation method. It was found that all test results were in an agreement. Furthermore, test strips kept in a temperature range of 4 ºC – 30 ºC were found to be stable for 9 months. These results indicated that the developed lateral flow test strips were sensitive, accurate and reliable enough to be used for screening detection or monitoring of ractopamine residue in pork and feed samples.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
AOAC. 2016. Guidelines for standard method performance requirements AOAC official methods of analysis. Available: http://www.eoma.aoac.org/app_f.pdf. Accessed May. 11, 2017.
Buakeaw, A., S. Puthong, P. Kongkavitoon, K. Khongarsa, K. Komolpis, and N. Khongchareonporn. 2016. Production of monoclonal antibodies for ractopamine residue detection in pork. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology. 10: 175 – 186.
Codex Alimentarius. 2015. Maximum residue limits (MRLs) and risk management recommendations (RMRs) for residues of veterinary drugs in foods CAC/MRL 2-2015. Available: http://www.codexalimentarius.org/download/standards/45/MRL2_2015e.pdf. Accessed May. 11, 2017.
Ding, G., D. Li, J. Qin, J. Zhu, B. Wang, Q. Geng, M. Guo, D. Punyapitak, and Y. Cao. 2015. Development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of ractopamine residue in pork samples by solid phase extraction and pre-column derivatization. Meat Science. 106: 55-60.
European Food Safety Authority. 2009. Safety evaluation of ractopamine: scientific opinion of the panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed. Available: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1041. Accessed Sep. 20, 2018.
FDA. 2003. New animal drugs; ractopamine. Federal Register 68: 54658-54659.
Available: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2003/09/18/03-23892/new-animal-drugs-ractopamine. Accessed Sep. 20, 2018.
Gu, H., L. Liu, S. Song, H. Kuang, and C. Xu. 2016. Development of an immunochromatographic strip test assay for ractopamine detection using an ultrasensitive monoclonal antibody. Food and Agricultural Immunology. 27: 471-483.
He, P., L. Zhang, and T. Yang. 2008. Determination of ractopamine in swine feed and urine using an indirect competitive immunoassay. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 7: 268-275.
Li, X., G. Zhang, R. Deng, Y. Yang, Q. Liu, Z. Xiao, J. Yang, G. Xing, D. Zhao, and S. Cai. 2010. Development of rapid immunoassays for the detection of ractopamine in swine urine. Food Additives and Contaminants. 27: 1096-1103.
Preechakasedkit, P., N. Ngamrojanavanich, N. Khongchareonporn, and O. Chailapakul. 2019. Novel ractopamine–protein carrier conjugation and its application to the lateral flow strip test for ractopamine detection in animal feed. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology). 1673-1581.
Wu, J., X. Liu, and Y. Peng. 2014. Determination of ractopamine in pig hair using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 69: 211-216.
Zhang, Y., F. X. Wang, L. Fang, S. Wang, and G. Z. Fang. 2009. Rapid determination of ractopamine residues in
edible animal products by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: Development and investigation of matrix effects. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2009: 1-9.
Zhang, H.Y. and S. Wang. 2009. Review on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for sulfonamide residues in edible animal products. Journal of Immunological Methods. 350: 1-7.
Zhang, M. Z., M. Z. Wang, Z. L. Chen, J. H. Fang, M. M. Fang, J. Liu, and X. P. Yu. 2009. Development of a colloidal gold-based lateral-flow immunoassay for the rapid simultaneous detection of clenbuterol and ractopamine in swine urine. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 395: 2591-2599.
Zhang, Y., X. Gao, A. Gao, and M. Fan. 2012. A biotin-streptavidin amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with improved sensitivity for rapid detection of ractopamine in muscular tissue. Food Analytical Methods. 5(5): 1214-1220.
