Planting density populations affect seed yield and the composition of fatty acids in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
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Abstract
Population density significantly influences hemp growth, seed yield, and fatty acid composition. However, optimal planting density varies with location, environmental conditions, and cultivar characteristics. This study investigated the effects of planting density on growth parameters, yield components, and seed fatty acid profiles of hemp cultivar "Modindaeng No. 1" using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Three planting densities were evaluated: 666, 1,000, and 2,000 plants/rai. Results demonstrated that the highest density (2,000 plants/rai) produced maximum plant height (245.25 cm) and seed yield per rai (355.45 kg/rai) due to increased plant population per unit area. Conversely, lower densities (666 and 1,000 plants/rai) exhibited superior individual plant performance with higher seed yield per plant (226.05-261.03 g/plant), greater stem diameter, total dry weight, and significantly elevated alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) content (15.93-16.79% vs. 12.80%). Gas chromatography analysis revealed that reduced planting density (666 and 1,000 plants/rai) enhanced omega-3 fatty acid accumulation, which possesses high medicinal value, while high density (2,000 plants/rai) optimized quantitative seed production. No significant differences were observed in oil content, palmitic acid, or linoleic acid composition across treatments. In conclusion, for commercial seed production, a density of 2,000 plants/rai is recommended to maximize total yield. However, for medical-grade seed oil production, optimal densities are 666 and 1,000 plants/rai to maximize omega-3 fatty acid proportions, thereby enhancing the therapeutic value of hemp seed oil.
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