Effectiveness of Thidiazuron (TDZ) on Growth and Phytochemicals in In vitro Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.
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Published:
Dec 25, 2020
Keywords:
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst Thidiazuron tissue culture multiple shoots antioxidant
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Abstract
Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.) is an aquatic plant. The aim of this research was to study the effects of Thidiazuron (TDZ) on the growth and antioxidant activities of B. monnieri (L.) Wettst. tissue culture. The explants were cultured on semi-solid MS basal medium supplemented with TDZ at 0, 0.1, 0.4, 1.6 and 6.4 mg/L. The results after 6 weeks indicated that explants grown on TDZ free MS medium exhibited significantly more growth than explants grown on media containing TDZ (P<0.05). In addition, MS medium with 0.1 and 0.4 mg/L TDZ was able to induce the diameter of multiple shoots more than other treatments (P<0.05). The fresh and dry weight of explants cultured with MS medium containing 0.4 mg/L TDZ were significantly different from all other treatments (P<0.05). The antioxidant activity was examined by five methods: total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total saponin content (TSC), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 2,2' azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assay. TPC, TSC, DPPH and ABTS were significantly different in all treatments (P<0.05), but TFC did not differ significantly across the treatments (P>0.05). Consequently, TDZ free MS medium was the optimal agent to stimulate plantlet propagation and MS medium with 0.4 mg/L TDZ produced appropriate antioxidant activities for medical usefulness.
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Ounnahakhongkha, P. ., Laohavisuti, N. ., & Jongput, B. . (2020). Effectiveness of Thidiazuron (TDZ) on Growth and Phytochemicals in In vitro Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. King Mongkut’s Agricultural Journal, 38(4), 468–476. retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/agritechjournal/article/view/248343
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Research Articles
King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal
References
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Ainsley, P. J., Hammerschlag, F. A., Bertozzi, T., Collins, G. G., and Sedgley, M. 2001. Regeneration of almond from immature seed cotyledons. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 67: 221-226.
Ali, H., Khan, M. A., Kayani, W. K., Khan, T., Mashwani, Z. R., Ullah, N., and Khan, R. S. 2018. Thidiazuron regulated growth, secondary metabolism and essential oil profile in shoot cultures of Ajuga bracteosa. Industrial Crops & Products 121: 418-427.
Asgarirad, H., Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimehr, S. J., Saeidnia, S., Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., and Lotfi, F. 2010. In vitro antioxidant analysis of Achillea tenuifolia. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(24): 3536-3541.
Basra, A. S. 2000. Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture and Horticulture: Their role and Commercial Uses. New York: Haworth Press.
Bhardwaj, P., Jain, C. K., and Mathur, A. 2016. Comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in five different herbal formulations of Bacopa monnieri. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(4): 675-682.
Bhattacharya, S. K., Bhattacharya, A., Kumar, A., and Ghosal, S. 2000. Antioxidant activity of Bacopa monniera in rat frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Phytotherapy Research 14: 174-179.
Devendra, P., Shankar, P. S., Preeti, B., Santanu, B., Gajanan, D., and Rupesh, D. 2018. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) as functional food ingredient in food processing industry. Journal of Phamacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(3): 189-194.
Dörnenburg, H., and Knorr, D. 1995. Strategies for the improvement of secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture.
Enzyme and Microbial Technology 17: 674-684.
Garg, A. N., Kumar, A., Nair, A. G. C., and Reddy, A. V. R. 2009. Elemental analysis of brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) extracts by neutron activation and its bioassay for antioxidant, radioprotective and anti-lipid peroxidation activity. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 281: 53-58.
Georgiev, G. I., Maslenkova, L., lvanova, A., Lazarova, I., and Evstatieva, L. 2011. The effect of Thidiazuron (dropp) on the growth, photostnthetic activity and saponin content of Puncture vine (Tribulus terrestris L.). Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 25: 2362-2365.
Huetteman, C. A., and Preece, J. E. 1993. Thidiazuron: a potent cytokinin for woody plant tissue culture. Tissue and Organ Culture
33: 105-119.
Khan, T., Abbasi, B. H., Khan, M. A., and Shinwari, Z. K. 2016. Differental effects of Thidiazuron on production of anticancer phenolic compounds in callus cultures of Fagonia indica. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 179: 46-58.
Leite, K. C. D. S., Garcia, L. F., Lobón, G. S., Thomaz, D. V., Moreno, E. K. G., Carvalho, M. F. D., Rocha, M. L., Santos, W. T. P. D., and Gil, E. D. S. 2018. Antioxidant activity evaluation of dried herbal extracts: an electroanalytical approach. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 28(3): 325-332.
Mahato, S. B. 2000. Bioactive saponins from some plants used in Indian traditional medicine. In Saponins in Food, Feedstuffs and Medicinal Plants, W. Oleszek and A. Marston, ed. pp.13-23. Dordrecht: Springer.
Malik, K., and Saxena, P. 1992. Thidiazuron induces hight frequency shoot regeneration in intact seedlings of Pea (Pisum sativum), Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and Lentil (Lens culinaris). Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 19(6): 731-740.
Mohan, N., Jassal, P. S., Kumar, V., and Singh, R. P. 2011. Comparative in vitro and in vivo study of antioxidants and phytochemical content in Bacopa monnieri. Recent Research in Science and Technology 3(9): 78-83.
Murashige, T., and Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum 15: 473-497.
Murthy, B. N. S., Murch, S. J., and Saxena, P. K. 1998. Thidiazuron: A potent regulator of in vitro plant morphogenesis. In vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology Plant 34(4): 267-275.
Murthy, H. N., Lee, E. J., and Paek, K. Y. 2014. Production of secondary metabolites from cell and organ cultures: strategies and approaches for biomass improvement and metabolite accumulation. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 118: 1-16.
Olszowy, M., and Dawidowicz., A. L. 2017. It is possible to use the DPPH and ABTS methods for reliable estimation of antioxidant power of colored compound?. Chemical Paper 72: 393-400.
Prathanturarug, S., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Chuakul, W., Phaidee, Y., and Saralamp, P. 2005. Rapid micropropogation of Curcuma longa using bud explants pre-cultured in thidiazuron-supplemented liquid medium. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture
80: 347-351.
Rai, K., Gupta, N., Dharamdasani, L., Nair, P., and Bodhankar, P. 2017. Bacopa monnieri: a wonder drug changing fortune of people. International Journal of Applied Science and Biotechnology 5(2): 127-132.
Rawat, J. M., Rawat, B., Chandra, A., and Nautiyal, S. 2013. Influence of plant growth regulators on indirect shoot organogenesis and secondary metabolite production in Aconitum violaceum Jacq. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(44): 6287-6293.
Shirazi, O. U., Khattak, M. M. A. K., Shukri, N. A. M., and Nasyriq, M. N. 2014. Determination of total phenolic, flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activities of common herb and spices. Journal of Phamacognosy and Phytochemistry 3(3): 104-108.
Siddique, I., and Anis, M. 2007. Rapid micropropogation of Ocimum basilicum using shoot tip explants pre-cultured in thidiazuron supplemented liquid medium. Biologia Plantarum 51(4): 787-790.
Simpson, T., Pase, M., and Stough, C. 2015. Bacopa monnieri as an antioxidant therapy to reduce oxidative stress in the aging brain. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Article 2015: 1-10.
Sosa, D. L. M. M., Moroni, P., and O’Leary, N. 2018. A taxonomic revision of the genus Bacopa (Gratioleae, Plantaginaceae) in Argentina. Phytotaxa 336(1): 1-27.
Thomas, J. C., and Katterman, F. R. 1986. Cytokinin activity induced by Thidiazuron. Plant Physiology 81: 681-683.
Vador, N., Vador, B., and Hole, R. 2012. Simple spectrophotometric methods for standardizing ayurvedic formulation.
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 74(2): 161-163.
Zhou, J., Ma, H., Guo F., and Luo, X. 1994. Effect of thidiazuron on somatic embryogenesis of Cayratia japonica. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 36(1): 73-79.
Ahmed, A., Ahmed, S., Shuaib, M., Ahmed, R., Somani, N., and Sharma, A. 2019. Effect of auxin and cytokinin on regeneration, total phenolic and in vitro antioxidant activities of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell. Journal of Ayuravedic and Herbal Medicine 5(2): 54-59.
Ainsley, P. J., Hammerschlag, F. A., Bertozzi, T., Collins, G. G., and Sedgley, M. 2001. Regeneration of almond from immature seed cotyledons. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 67: 221-226.
Ali, H., Khan, M. A., Kayani, W. K., Khan, T., Mashwani, Z. R., Ullah, N., and Khan, R. S. 2018. Thidiazuron regulated growth, secondary metabolism and essential oil profile in shoot cultures of Ajuga bracteosa. Industrial Crops & Products 121: 418-427.
Asgarirad, H., Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimehr, S. J., Saeidnia, S., Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., and Lotfi, F. 2010. In vitro antioxidant analysis of Achillea tenuifolia. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(24): 3536-3541.
Basra, A. S. 2000. Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture and Horticulture: Their role and Commercial Uses. New York: Haworth Press.
Bhardwaj, P., Jain, C. K., and Mathur, A. 2016. Comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in five different herbal formulations of Bacopa monnieri. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(4): 675-682.
Bhattacharya, S. K., Bhattacharya, A., Kumar, A., and Ghosal, S. 2000. Antioxidant activity of Bacopa monniera in rat frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Phytotherapy Research 14: 174-179.
Devendra, P., Shankar, P. S., Preeti, B., Santanu, B., Gajanan, D., and Rupesh, D. 2018. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) as functional food ingredient in food processing industry. Journal of Phamacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(3): 189-194.
Dörnenburg, H., and Knorr, D. 1995. Strategies for the improvement of secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture.
Enzyme and Microbial Technology 17: 674-684.
Garg, A. N., Kumar, A., Nair, A. G. C., and Reddy, A. V. R. 2009. Elemental analysis of brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) extracts by neutron activation and its bioassay for antioxidant, radioprotective and anti-lipid peroxidation activity. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 281: 53-58.
Georgiev, G. I., Maslenkova, L., lvanova, A., Lazarova, I., and Evstatieva, L. 2011. The effect of Thidiazuron (dropp) on the growth, photostnthetic activity and saponin content of Puncture vine (Tribulus terrestris L.). Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 25: 2362-2365.
Huetteman, C. A., and Preece, J. E. 1993. Thidiazuron: a potent cytokinin for woody plant tissue culture. Tissue and Organ Culture
33: 105-119.
Khan, T., Abbasi, B. H., Khan, M. A., and Shinwari, Z. K. 2016. Differental effects of Thidiazuron on production of anticancer phenolic compounds in callus cultures of Fagonia indica. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 179: 46-58.
Leite, K. C. D. S., Garcia, L. F., Lobón, G. S., Thomaz, D. V., Moreno, E. K. G., Carvalho, M. F. D., Rocha, M. L., Santos, W. T. P. D., and Gil, E. D. S. 2018. Antioxidant activity evaluation of dried herbal extracts: an electroanalytical approach. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 28(3): 325-332.
Mahato, S. B. 2000. Bioactive saponins from some plants used in Indian traditional medicine. In Saponins in Food, Feedstuffs and Medicinal Plants, W. Oleszek and A. Marston, ed. pp.13-23. Dordrecht: Springer.
Malik, K., and Saxena, P. 1992. Thidiazuron induces hight frequency shoot regeneration in intact seedlings of Pea (Pisum sativum), Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and Lentil (Lens culinaris). Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 19(6): 731-740.
Mohan, N., Jassal, P. S., Kumar, V., and Singh, R. P. 2011. Comparative in vitro and in vivo study of antioxidants and phytochemical content in Bacopa monnieri. Recent Research in Science and Technology 3(9): 78-83.
Murashige, T., and Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum 15: 473-497.
Murthy, B. N. S., Murch, S. J., and Saxena, P. K. 1998. Thidiazuron: A potent regulator of in vitro plant morphogenesis. In vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology Plant 34(4): 267-275.
Murthy, H. N., Lee, E. J., and Paek, K. Y. 2014. Production of secondary metabolites from cell and organ cultures: strategies and approaches for biomass improvement and metabolite accumulation. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 118: 1-16.
Olszowy, M., and Dawidowicz., A. L. 2017. It is possible to use the DPPH and ABTS methods for reliable estimation of antioxidant power of colored compound?. Chemical Paper 72: 393-400.
Prathanturarug, S., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Chuakul, W., Phaidee, Y., and Saralamp, P. 2005. Rapid micropropogation of Curcuma longa using bud explants pre-cultured in thidiazuron-supplemented liquid medium. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture
80: 347-351.
Rai, K., Gupta, N., Dharamdasani, L., Nair, P., and Bodhankar, P. 2017. Bacopa monnieri: a wonder drug changing fortune of people. International Journal of Applied Science and Biotechnology 5(2): 127-132.
Rawat, J. M., Rawat, B., Chandra, A., and Nautiyal, S. 2013. Influence of plant growth regulators on indirect shoot organogenesis and secondary metabolite production in Aconitum violaceum Jacq. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(44): 6287-6293.
Shirazi, O. U., Khattak, M. M. A. K., Shukri, N. A. M., and Nasyriq, M. N. 2014. Determination of total phenolic, flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activities of common herb and spices. Journal of Phamacognosy and Phytochemistry 3(3): 104-108.
Siddique, I., and Anis, M. 2007. Rapid micropropogation of Ocimum basilicum using shoot tip explants pre-cultured in thidiazuron supplemented liquid medium. Biologia Plantarum 51(4): 787-790.
Simpson, T., Pase, M., and Stough, C. 2015. Bacopa monnieri as an antioxidant therapy to reduce oxidative stress in the aging brain. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Article 2015: 1-10.
Sosa, D. L. M. M., Moroni, P., and O’Leary, N. 2018. A taxonomic revision of the genus Bacopa (Gratioleae, Plantaginaceae) in Argentina. Phytotaxa 336(1): 1-27.
Thomas, J. C., and Katterman, F. R. 1986. Cytokinin activity induced by Thidiazuron. Plant Physiology 81: 681-683.
Vador, N., Vador, B., and Hole, R. 2012. Simple spectrophotometric methods for standardizing ayurvedic formulation.
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 74(2): 161-163.
Zhou, J., Ma, H., Guo F., and Luo, X. 1994. Effect of thidiazuron on somatic embryogenesis of Cayratia japonica. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 36(1): 73-79.
