Interaction of Biotin and Cobalamin on Biomass, Storage Products (Protein, Carbohydrate, Hydrocarbon Content) and Biodiesel Properties of Botryococcus braunii KMITL 2
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Published:
Dec 25, 2020
Keywords:
Botryococcus braunii KMITL 2 hydrocarbon biotin cobalamin biodiesel
Main Article Content
Abstract
The optimal ratio of biotin (B) and cobalamin (C) and the interaction of both vitamins on the biomass and stored feed product content (protein, carbohydrate, hydrocarbon) of Botryococcus braunii KMITL 2 in laboratory were investigated. The vitamins were supplied to the alga in axenic Chlorella medium in a factorial 4x4 experimental setup of combinations at the following concentrations of biotin: 0, 1, 2 and 3 µg/l (B0, B1, B2, B3) and cobalamin: 0, 2, 4 and 6 µg/l (C0, C2, C4, C6). The control group was not supplemented with any vitamins. Among the various vitamin ratios tested, B1C6 produced the highest biomass (1.89±0.23 g/l). The highest specific growth rate (0.39±0.10 /d), protein content (23.29±1.15 %), carbohydrate content (31.48±1.68%), and hydrocarbon content (62.17±1.31%) were produced by use of the supplements B1C0, B3C6, B1C4, and B3C0, respectively. The resulted indicated that biotin and cobalamin had synergistic effects on the specific growth rate, and the protein, carbohydrate and hydrocarbon contents of the KMITL 2 strain. The cetane values (45.75-60.37) of the alga from most treatments was higher than the standard. The alga that was cultivated in B0C2 treatment showed better biodiesel properties, with the lowest iodine values (30.09 g I2/100) and degrees of unsaturation (32.78oC), and the highest cetane numbers (60.37). The results show that combinations of the optimized levels of biotin and cobalamin are promising medium supplements for
this strain. They are able to increase the alga’s specific growth rate and can facilitate its use as a feedstock in biodiesel production.
Article Details
How to Cite
Ruangsomboon, S. ., Dimak, J. ., & Jongput, B. . (2020). Interaction of Biotin and Cobalamin on Biomass, Storage Products (Protein, Carbohydrate, Hydrocarbon Content) and Biodiesel Properties of Botryococcus braunii KMITL 2. King Mongkut’s Agricultural Journal, 38(4), 545–554. retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/agritechjournal/article/view/248351
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Research Articles
King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal
References
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Ruangsomboon, S., Prachom, N., and Sornchai, P. 2017. Enhanced growth and hydrocarbon production of Botryococcus braunii KMITL 2 by optimum carbon dioxide concentration and concentration-dependent effects on its biochemical composition and biodiesel properties. Bioresource Technology 244: 1358-1366.
Ruangsomboon, S., Sornchai, P., and Prachom, N. 2018. Enhanced hydrocarbon production and improved biodiesel qualities of Botryococcus braunii KMITL 5 by vitamins thiamine, biotin and cobalamin supplementation. Algal Research 29: 159-169.
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US Department of Energy. 2004. Biodiesel: Handling and use guidelines. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, United States Department of Energy.
Vonshak, A., and Maske, H. 1982. Algae: growth techniques and biomass production. In Techniques in Bioproductivity and Photosynthesis, J. Coombs, and D. O. Hall, eds. pp. 66-77. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Wu, H., and Miao, X. 2014. Biodiesel quality and biochemical changes of microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus in response to nitrate levels. Bioresource Technology 170: 421-427.
Ashokkumar, V., and Rengasamy, R. 2012. Mass culture of Botryococcus braunii Kutz. under open raceway pond for biofuel production. Bioresource Technology 104: 394-399.
Ashokkumar, V., Agila, E., Sivakumar, P., Salam, Z., Rengasamy R., and Ani, F. N. 2014. Optimization and characterization of biodiesel production from microalgae Botryococcus grown at semi-continuous system. Energy Conversion and Management 88: 936-946.
ASTM D6751. 2012. Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Middle Distillate Fuels. https://www.dieselnet.com/tech/fuel_biodiesel_std.php. (5 November 2019).
Bacha, J., Freel, J., Gibbs, A., Gibbs, L., Hemighaus, G., Hoekman, K., Horn, J., Gibbs, A., Ingham, M., Jossens, L., et al. 2007.
Diesel Fuels Technical Review. San Ramon, CA: Chevron Corporation. 116 p.
Becker, E. W. 1994. Microalgae Biotechnology and Microbiology. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press.
Bligh, E. G., and Dyer, W. J. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 37: 911-917.
Cabanelas, I. T. D., Arbib, Z., Chinalia, F. A., Souza, C. O., Perales, J. A., Almeida, P. F., Druzian J. I., and Nascimento, I. A. 2013. From waste to energy: Microalgae production in wastewater and glycerol. Applied Energy 109: 283-290.
Chisti, Y. 2007. Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnology Advances 25: 294-306.
Croft, M. T., Warren, M. J., and Smith, A. G. 2006. Algae need their vitamins. Eukaryotic Cell 5: 1175-1183.
Dayananda, C., Sarada, R., Bhattacharya, S., and Ravishankar, G. A. 2005. Effect of media and culture conditions on growth and hydrocarbon production by Botryococcus braunii. Process Biochemistry 40: 3125-3131.
DuBois, D. M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., and Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry 28: 350-356.
Dufosse, L., Galaup, P., Yaron, A., Arad, S. M., Blanc, P., Chidambara Murthy, K. N., and Pavishankar, G. A. 2005. Microorganisms and microalgae as sources of pigments for food use: a scientific oddity or and industrial reality?. Trends in Food Science and Technology 16: 389-406.
Farias Silva, C. E., and Bertucco, A. 2016. Bioethanol from microalgae and cyanobacteria: A review and technological outlook. Process Biochemistry 51: 1833-1842.
Francisco, E. C., Neves, D. B., Lopes, E. J., and Franco, T. T. 2010. Microalgae as feedstock for biodiesel production: carbon dioxide sequestration, lipid production and biofuel quality. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 85: 395-403.
Fuel Standard (Biodiesel) Determination. 2003. Approved Under section 21 of the Fuel Quality Standard Act 2002 by the Australian Minister for the Environment and Heritage. https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2006B01373. (5 November 2019).
Garcia, M. C. C., Sanchez, M. A., Fernandez, S. J. M., Molina, G. E., and Garcia, C. F. 2005. Mixotrophic growth of the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum, influence of different nitrogen and organic carbon sources on productivity and biomass composition. Process Biochemistry 40: 297-305.
Helliwell, K. E., Wheeler, G. L., Leptos, K. C., Goldstein, R. E., and Smith, A. G. 2011. Insights into the evolution of vitamin B12 auxotrophy from sequenced algal genomes. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28: 2921-2933.
Knothe, G. 2008. “Designer” biodiesel: optimizing fatty ester composition to improve fuel properties. Energy Fuels 22: 1358-1364.
Lowry, O. H., Rosenbrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., and Randall, R. J. 1951. Protein measurement which the folin phenol reagent.
Journal of Biological Chemistry 193: 265-275.
Mittelbach, M., and Remschmidt, C. 2004. Biodiesel: The Comprehensive Handbook. Vienna, Austria: Boersedruck Ges. M.B.H.
Nascimento, I. A., Cabanelas, I. T. D., Santos, J. N., Nascimento, M. A., Sousa, L., and Sasone, G. 2015. Biodiesel yields and fuel quality as criteria for algal-feedstock selection: effects of CO2-supplementation and nutrient levels in cultures.
Algal Research 8: 53-60.
Philipose, M. T. 1967. Chlorococcales. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
Quinn, J. C., Hanif, A., Sharvelle, S., and Bradley, T. H. 2014. Microalgae to biofuels: Life cycle impacts of methane production of anaerobically digested lipid extracted algae. Bioresource Technology 171: 37-43.
Ramos, M. J., Fernandez, C. M., Casas, A., and Rodriguez, L. A. 2009. Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties. Bioresource Technology 100:261-268.
Ruangsomboon, S. 2018. Hydrocarbon production and biodiesel properties of a green microalga Botryococcus braunii KMITL 2 cultivated outdoor in open pond and closed photobioreactor. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 45(2): 668-679.
Ruangsomboon, S., Prachom, N., and Sornchai, P. 2017. Enhanced growth and hydrocarbon production of Botryococcus braunii KMITL 2 by optimum carbon dioxide concentration and concentration-dependent effects on its biochemical composition and biodiesel properties. Bioresource Technology 244: 1358-1366.
Ruangsomboon, S., Sornchai, P., and Prachom, N. 2018. Enhanced hydrocarbon production and improved biodiesel qualities of Botryococcus braunii KMITL 5 by vitamins thiamine, biotin and cobalamin supplementation. Algal Research 29: 159-169.
Sergeeva, Y. E., Mostova, E. B., Gorin, K. V., Komova, A. V., Konova, I. A., Pojidaev, V. M., Gotovtsev, P. M., Vasilov, R. G., and Sineoky, S. P. 2017. Calculation of biodiesel fuel characteristics based on the fatty acid composition of the lipids of some biotechnologically important microorganisms. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 53: 807-813.
Tanabe, Y., Loki, M., and Watanabe, M. M. 2014. The fast-growing strain of hydrocarbon-rich green alga Botryococcus braunii, BOT-22, is a vitamin B12 autotroph. Journal of Applied Phycology 126:9-13.
US Department of Energy. 2004. Biodiesel: Handling and use guidelines. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, United States Department of Energy.
Vonshak, A., and Maske, H. 1982. Algae: growth techniques and biomass production. In Techniques in Bioproductivity and Photosynthesis, J. Coombs, and D. O. Hall, eds. pp. 66-77. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Wu, H., and Miao, X. 2014. Biodiesel quality and biochemical changes of microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus in response to nitrate levels. Bioresource Technology 170: 421-427.
