The Producing of High-Quality Organic Fertilizers from Wasted the Empty Palm Fruit Bunch and Crab Shell
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Abstract
This research aimed to study the effects of palm oil bunch waste and crab shells on chemical characteristics in the fermentation process, analyze chemical properties, and complete decomposition by seed germination test using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. consisted of 3 experimental formulas as follows: Experimental formula 1 (T1) consisted of empty fruit bunch: fermented decanter cake in the ratio of 4:6 by volume; Experimental formula 2 (T2) empty fruit bunch: fermented decanter cake: fresh decanter cake: ground crab shells in the ratio of 5:2:2:1 by volume; and Experimental formula 3 (T3) empty fruit bunch: fermented decanter cake: ground crab shells in the ratio of 4:4:2 by volume. The experimental results found that experimental formula 2 was the most suitable for producing high quality organic fertilizer. It has a pH of 7.12, electrical conductivity of 3.76 dS/m, moisture content 17.41 %, organic matter 23.77 %, organic carbon is 13.82 %, carbon to nitrogen ratio of 11:1, a total nitrogen 3.36 %, total phosphorus 1.18 %, total potassium 2.32 %, total sodium 0.08 %, total calcium 2.07 %, total magnesium 0.62 %. And the amount of heavy metals does not exceed the standard criteria for organic fertilizers that are of quality and safe according to the Fertilizer Act (No. 2) B.E. 2550 announced by the Department of Agriculture. And the results of the complete decomposition test by measuring the seed germination index found that it was more than 80 percent, which it can be used for agricultural purposes without being toxic to plants. The estimation of the cost of organic fertilizer production at a production capacity of 1,000 kg/day has a production cost value of 2.11 baht/kg.
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King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal
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