Effects of Urea and Calcium Sulphate on Growth and Development of Rapeseed (<I>Brassica napus</I> L.) Grown in Northern Thailand
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Study on effects of urea and calcium sulphate on growth and development of ‘Rapool Comfort’ rapeseed was carried out at Chiang Mai Royal Agricultural Research Center (Khun Wang), Mae Win sub-district, Mae Wang district, Chiang Mai province. An elevation is 1,300 meters above mean sea level (msl). Experimental design was random complete block designed (RCBD) with 3 blocks and 5 fertilizer applications; no fertilizer (control), urea 21 kg/rai, urea 42 kg/rai, CaSO4 17 kg/rai and CaSO4 35 kg/rai. Fertilizer amounts were divided and applied at 2 stages of growth; 40% were applied at stem elongation stage and another 60% at flower development stage. Results showed that applications of urea fertilizer and CaSO4 17 kg/rai gave stem height about 44.87-48.97 cm at 18 weeks after transplanting, which had no differences as compared to control. However, they were higher stem height than CaSO4 35 kg/rai treatment (38.30 cm). Numbers of leave and flowering plant were different in all treatments. Furthermore, the fertilizer treatments had no effect on number of flower, except the application of CaSO4 17 kg/rai which gave fewer flower than control treatment. Urea 42 kg/rai gave significantly lower pod setting than others, while CaSO4 35 kg/rai treatment increased pod setting, seed number and grain yield. It gave significantly higher oil content than control treatment. Composition of rapeseed oil consists of 5 fatty acids; 62.60% oleic acid, 19.48% linoleic acid, 8.04% linolenic acid, 5.15% palmitic acid, 3.22% steric acids and 1.51% in others.
Article Details
References
พิทยา สรวมศิริ. 2555. ธาตุอาหารในการผลิตพืชสวน. คณะเกษตรศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่, เชียงใหม่. 326 หน้า.
มงคล ต๊ะอุ่น. 2548. เทคนิคและการวิเคราะห์ในห้องปฏิบัติ การดิน พืช ดิน น้ำและปุ๋ย. ภาควิชาทรัพยากรที่ดินและสิ่งแวดล้อม คณะเกษตรศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น, ขอนแก่น. 300 หน้า.
สมเจตน์ ศรีทองคำ. 2532. ความต้องการธาตุฟอสฟอรัสและซัลเฟอร์ของถั่วเหลืองที่ปลูกในชุดดินที่สำคัญทางภาคเหนือของประเทศไทย. วิทยานิพนธ์วิทยาศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต. มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่, เชียงใหม่. 111 หน้า.
Abdallah, M., L. Dubousset, F. Meuriot, P. Etienne, J.C. Avice and A. Ourry. 2010. Effect of mineral sulphur availability on nitrogen and sulphur uptake and remobilization during the vegetable growth of Brassica napus L. Journal of Experimental Botany 61(10): 2635-2646.
Ahmad, A. and M.Z. Abdin. 2000. Interactive effect of sulphur and nitrogen on the oil and protein concentrations and on the fatty acid profiles of oil in the seeds of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) and mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. and Coss.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 185(1): 49-54.
Ahmadi, M. and M.J. Bahrani. 2009. Yield and yield components of rapeseed as influenced by water stress at different growth stages and nitrogen levels. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences 5(6): 755-761.
Appelqvist, L.Å. and R. Ohlson. 1972. Rapeseed: Cultivation, Composition, Processing and Utilization. Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York. 391 p.
Asare, E. and D.H. Scarisbrick.1995. Rate of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers on yield, yield components and seed quality of oilseed rape (Brussica napus L.). Field Crops Research 44: 41-46.
Bouchet, A.S., A. Laperche, C. Bissuel-Belaygue, R. Snowdon, N. Nesi and A. Stahl. 2016. Nitrogen use efficiency in rapeseed: A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 36(2): 1-20.
Brennan, R.F. 2016. Effect of time of application and amount of nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield and concentration of oil in canola (Brassica napus). Plant Nutrition 39: 337-347.
Chongo, G. and P.B.E. McVetty. 2000. Relationship of physiological characters to yield parameters in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Can. Plant Science 81(1): 1-6.
De Pascale, S., A. Maggio, F. Orsini, A. Bottino and G. Barbieri. 2008. Sulphur fertilization affects yield and quality of friarielli (Brassica rapa L.) subsp. sylvestris L. Janch. var. esculenta Hort.) grown on a floating system. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 83: 743-748.
Department of Primary Industries (DPI). 2011. Canola growth & development. Department of Primary Industries, State of New South Wales. 88 p.
FAO. 2007. The State of Food and Agriculture. FAO Agriculture Series No. 38. Rome. 240 p.
Franzen, D.W. and J. Lukach. 1997. Fertilizing mustard and canola. Bull. North Dakota State University Extension Service. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 8 p.
Gallejones P., A. Castello´n, A. del Prado, O. Unamunzaga and A. Aizpurua. 2012. Nitrogen and sulphur fertilization effect on leaching losses, nutrient balance and plant quality in a wheat–rapeseed rotation under a humid Mediterranean climate. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 93: 337-355.
Jan, A., N. Khan, N. Khan, I.A. Khan and B. Khattak. 2002. Chemical composition of canola as affected by nitrogen and sulphur. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1: 519-521.
Khan T.A., R. Norton, R. Edis, C. Walker and D. Chen. 2011. Comparing N and S sources to improve yield and nutrient efficiency in canola cropping systems in south-eastern Australia. pp. 154-158. In: Proceedings of 7th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas, Wagga Wagga, NSW.
Kramer, J.K.G., F.D. Sauer and W.J. Pigden. 1983. High & low erucic acid rapeseed oils. Academic Press Canada, Ontario. 569 p.
Lancashire, P.D., H. Bleiholder, T.V.D. Boom, P. Langelüddeke, R. Stauss, E. Weber and A. Witzenberger. 1991. A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds. Annals of Applied Biology 119(3): 561-601.
Mansoori, I. 2012. Response of canola to nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science 4: 28-33.
McGrath, S.P. and F.J. Zhao. 1996. Sulphur uptake, yield responses and the interactions between nitrogen and sulphur in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Journal of Agricultural Science 126(2): 53-62.
Ngezimana, W. and G.A. Agenbag. 2013. Effects of nitrogen and sulphur on canola (Brassica napus L.) vegetative and reproductive growth. African Journal of Aricultural Research 8(39): 4887-4894.
Oplinger, E.S., L.L. Hardman, E.T. Gritton, J.D. Doll and K.A. Kelling. 1989. Canola (Rapeseed). (Online). Available: http://www.hort. purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/canola.html (April 1, 2013).
Potarzycki, J. 2004. Winter oilseed rape nitrogen fertilization efficiency as induced by sulphur application. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural University, Poznań, Poland.
Rao, M.S.S. and P.L. Raymer 1991. Vernalization and photoperiod requirements for the adaptability of oilseed rape (Brassica napus and B. campestris) to the southeastern United States. pp. 738-742. In: Proceedings of 8th International Rapeseed Congress on Rapeseed in a Changing World. Saskatoon, Canada.
Sattar, A., M.A. Cheema, M.A. Wahid, M.F. Saleem and M. Hassan. 2011. Interactive effect of sulpher and nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of canola. Crop Environ. 2: 32-37.
Sovero, M. 1993. Rapeseed a new oilseed crop for the United States. pp. 302-307. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.). New Crops. Wiley, New York.
Young, L.W., R.W. Wilen and P.C. Bonham-Smith. 2004. High temperature stress of Brassica napus during flowering reduces micro- and megagametophyte fertility, induces fruit abortion, and disrupts seed production. Journal of Experimental Botany 55(396): 485-495.
Zhao, F., P.E. Bilsborrow, E.J. Evans and J.K. Syers. 1993. Sulphur turnover in the developing pods of single and double low varieties of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 62: 111-119.
