DNA Barcodes and Phylogenetic Study for Reliable Identification of Leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Thailand
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Abstract
Agromyzid leafminers comprise a pest group that causes considerable economic losses to vegetable crops and poses serious quarantine challenges. In this study, the fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (Cox1) of the mitochondrial genome was sequenced to assist in the species identification of Agromyzidae which are pestiferous in Thailand. Sequences of leafminers collected in the country were analyzed using a "barcode" region and identified using standard nucleotide BLAST from GenBank database. Five species of Liriomyza sp. were identified and sequences of 20 samples for each species were deposited in GenBank: Liriomyza brassicae Riley, 1884; Liriomyza chinensis Kato, 1949; Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard, 1926; Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938; and Liriomyza trifolii Burgess, 1880. A molecular phylogeny of these five species of leafminer was generated using the sequences of Cox1 gene. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses were used to investigate patterns of clustering. Analyses gave consistent results. The phylogeny showed that the L. chinensis clade is also separated from the other leafminers, and it is closely related to L. chinensis haplotype A from Japan. The phylogeny showed that the L. sativae clade is more closely related to L. trifolii. This study provided basic information on the number of species and DNA data of Liriomyza in Thailand. Cox1 sequences were demonstrated as an effective tool for identifying leafminer species.
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