การใช้พรีไบโอติกส์ในปลานิล
คำสำคัญ:
พรีไบโอติกส์ , การเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ , การกระตุ้นภูมิคุ้มกัน , ภูมิคุ้มกันแบบไม่จำเพาะบทคัดย่อ
การใช้พรีไบโอติกส์ (Prebiotics) ซึ่งเป็นสารอาหารที่ไม่สามารถย่อยได้โดยสัตว์หรือเจ้าบ้าน (Host) แต่มีประโยชน์ต่อจุลินทรีย์ในทางเดินอาหาร เมื่อผสมในอาหารปลานิลส่งผลดีต่อการเจริญเติบโต ภูมิคุ้มกัน และอัตรารอดต่อสัตว์น้ำ บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อรวบรวม เรียบเรียงและสังเคราะห์องค์ความรู้จากงานวิจัย เกี่ยวกับการใช้พรีไบโอติกส์ในการเลี้ยงปลานิล โดยพรีไบโอติกส์ที่นิยมใช้ในการเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ ได้แก่ เบต้ากลูแคน (β-glucan) อินนูลิน (Inulin) แมนแนน โอลิโกแซคคาไรด์ (Mannan oligosaccharide, MOS) กาแลตโตโอลิโกแซคคาไรด์ (Galactooligosaccharide, GOS) ฟรุกโตโอลิโกแซค คาไรด์ (Fructooligosaccharides, FOS) และไคโตโอลิโกแซคคาไรด์ (Chitooligosaccharide, COS) การใช้พรีไบโอติกส์จะเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพการย่อยอาหาร การ ใช้อาหาร ทำให้สามารถเร่งการเจริญเติบโต เสริมภูมิคุ้มกัน ความต้านทานโรคและเพิ่มอัตรารอดของปลานิล ซึ่งความแตกต่างของผลที่ได้ขึ้นอยู่กับชนิด ปริมาณ ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ ขนาดของปลา และระบบการทดลอง ปัจจุบันมีการใช้พรีไบโอติกส์ร่วมกันหลายชนิดและใช้ร่วมกับสารกระตุ้นภูมิคุ้มกันชนิดอื่น ๆ โดยการใช้สารกระตุ้นภูมิคุ้มกันจะช่วยลดการใช้ยาปฏิชีวนะและสารเคมีในการเลี้ยงปลา อย่างไรก็ตาม ผู้ใช้ควรคำนึงถึงต้นทุนและผลตอบแทนของการใช้พรีไบโอติกส์
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