Physiological factors affecting growth of Fusarium solani causing dieback of durian and fungicide controlling
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Abstract
The impact of durian production on quantity and quality is fungal pathogen destruction, especially in the orchards leading to the highest amount of economic loss. Additionally, climate change had observable effects on the environment and might be cause Fusarium outbreak in durian orchards. The objective of this research was to investigate physiological factors such as temperature, light and media pH affecting on growth of Fusarium solani isolated from branches, causing dieback of durian in Chanthaburi and Trat provinces. The results showed that the fungus grew on optimum temperature was 25 - 30°C. Light affecting fungal growth, showed the greatest colony diameter on dark 24 hr and grew up very fast on medium with pH 6 - 7. Then, pathogenicity assay was conducted on 6-months old of durian seedling cv. Mon Thong. It was found that inoculated branch showing purple-brown bruising lesion with dark brown edge at 7 days after inoculation (DAI). Later at 14 DAI, dieback incidences appeared on infected branches and leaves turned yellow, then fell off from the branches. Efficiency of four fungicides was investigated. It was revealed that carbendazim showed the greatest trend to inhibit mycelial growth followed by pyraclostrobin. Prevention and control the disease using effective fungicides lead to disease management in durian orchards, effectively. Particularly, the durian requires regular pruning and fertilizer feeding to keep it healthy and strong at the right time to against plant pathogenic fungi.
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