Evaluation of Clove Oil as Anesthetic Maintenance for Transportation of Juvenile African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The anesthetic effects of clove oil were studied in juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with
average weight of 2.85±0.29 grams. Acute lethality of clove oil on fish were measured by using a static
bioassay and probit analysis. The estimated 24 h LC50 of clove oil on juvenile African catfish was approximately
17.37 (15.12-19.61) mg/l at the 95% confidence interval. The appropriated clove oil concentration
to induce of sedation stage anesthesia in African catfish was 15 mg/l. The induction time was 37.44±3.7
minutes and recovery time after anesthesia with clove oil was 1.27±0.43 minutes (after being placed in
clean water). During the exposure period (24 hours), water temperature (22 to 23 °C) and pH (7.12 to 7.16)
in each experiment were changed in a narrow range. Clove oil efficiency during transportation was evaluated
in 16 hours using appropriated concentration of 15 mg/l in juvenile African catfish. The result showed
that the final survival rate between control and treatment group was not significantly different (p>0.05).
The ammonia concentration at the end of transportation in control group was significantly higher than
treatment group. These findings show that clove oil could be an anesthetic maintenance for African catfish
which could improve animal welfare and had potential to reduce fish excretion during transportation
Article Details
King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal
References
ประมง กรมประมง กระทรวงเกษตรและสหกรณ์
ดนัย สมใจ อรอุมา พาลเสือ และสมหมาย เชี่ยววารีสัจจะ. 2551. ความเป็นพิษและประสิทธิภาพของน้ำมันกานพลูในการสลบปลา
กัดจีน. วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยทักษิณ ปีที่ 11 ฉบับที่ 2 กรกฎาคม –ธันวาคม: 31-38.
ประวิทย์ สุรณีรนาถ 2522. หลักการเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ. คณะประมง. มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ , กรุงเทพฯ. 144 น.
ส่งศรี มหาสวัสดิ์. 2532. การใช้เกลือแกงและยาสลบ MS-222 ในการขนส่งปลากัดขนาดวัยรุ่น. วารสารเกษตรศาสตร์ สาขาวิทยาศาสตร์
23: 349-357.
AHPA. (1995). Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater 19th ed. American Public Health Association,
Washington, D.C.
Akar, A. M. A. 2011. Effects of clove oil on the response of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) by transportation stress.
Journal of the Arabian Aquaculture Society 6(1): 77-86.
Akbari, S., M.J. Khoshnod, H. Rajaian and M. Afsharnasab. 2010. The use of eugenol as an anesthetic in transportation of
with Indian shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) post larvae. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences10: 423-429.
Hajek, G. J., B. Klyszejko and R. Dziaman. 2006. The anesthetic effect of clove oil on common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Acta
Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 36(2): 93-97.
Hamackova, J., J. Kouril, P. Kozak and Z. Stupka. 2006. Clove oil as an anesthetic for different freshwater fish species.
Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 12: 185-194.
Hermanini and B. Tangendaja. 1988. Analisis mutu minyak nilam dan minyak cengkeh secara kromatogrfi. Media Penelitian
Sukamandi, 6: 57-65 (Indonesian).
Iversen, M., B. Finstad, R. S. McKinley and R. A. Eliassen. 2003. The efficacy of metomidate, clove oil, Aqui-S™ and
Benzoak® as anaesthetics in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts, and their potential stress-reducing capacity.
Aquaculture 221 (1-4): 549–566.
Kamble, A. D., V. P. Saini, M. L. Ojha. 2014. The efficacy of clove oil as anesthetic in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and
its potential metabolism reducing capacity. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies 1 (6): 1-6.
LitchfieldI J. T. J. R. and F. Wilcoxon. 1949. A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. The American
Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 96 (2): 99-113.
Ögretmen, F. and K. Gökçek. 2013. Comparative efficacy of three anesthetic agents on juvenile african catfish, Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell,1822). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences13: 51-56.
Pattanasiri, T., P. Suppakul and W. Tapahudee. (n.d.). Antianxiety activity of clove oil and its principal constituent, and
possible application in active packaging for transportation of Siamese fighting fish. Kasetsart University, Bangkok.
Perdikaris, C., C. Nathanailides, E. Gouva, U.U. Gabriel, K. Bitchava, F. Athanasopoulou, A. Paschou and I. Paschos. 2010.
Size-relative effectiveness of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) and
goldfish (Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758). ACTA VET. BRNO 79: 481–490.
Raymond, M. 1987. Probit analysis program. Institute des Sciences de L’ Evolution. Montpellier Cedex, France.
Stoskopf, M. 1993. Anaesthesia. In: Aquaculture for Veterinarians Fish Husbandry and Medicine. 1st ed., edited by L. Brown.
Pergamon press, Exteter : UK. p. 161 - 168.
Theinpoint, D. and C. J. E. Niemegeers. 1965. 7464- a new potenet anesthetics in fish. International Zoo. Year Book, 5: 202-205
Velisek, J., Z. Svobodova, V. Piackova, L. Groch and L. Nepejchalava. 2005. Effects of clove oil an aesthesia on common
carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Vet. Med. – Czech 50: 269–275.
Weber, R. A., J. B. Peleteiro, L.O. García Martín and M. Aldegunde. 2009. The efficacy of 2-phenoxyethanol, metomidate,
clove oil and MS-222 as anaesthetic agents in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858). Aquaculture 288:
147-150.
