Physicochemical Characteristics of Bio-Calcium Powder from Tuna Bones by Extraction Methods

Abstract

    Tuna bone is a by-product of tuna processing, which is a growth industry that has attracted more manufacturers that produce canned tuna products. The objective of this research was to study the extraction of bio-calcium powder from tuna bone using the alkaline method. This method is an effective technique to get rid of organic substances from the bone. This method produces a decrease in the quantity of protein and fat in extracted bio-calcium powder, and a corresponding increase in the amount of ash. One positive effect of the reduction in fat content is lower susceptibility to oxidative rancidity and thus shelf life extension. The bio-calcium powders are white in color and without any undesirable fishy odor. In this study, bio-calcium powder was extracted from tuna bone via the following four methods: the alkaline (AK) method, the heat-treated alkaline (HAK) method, the heat-treated alkaline with fat removal and bleaching supplementary method (HAK-FB), and the alkaline with fat removal supplementary (AK-F) method. The results showed that bio-calcium powder from tuna bone was rich in calcium (18.74%-21.45%) and phosphorus (9.46%-10.28%). The proximate and LAB color results of the bio-calcium powder indicated that the AK-F method obtained a higher protein (29.94%), lower fat (0.84%), lower b* value (12.48%) and lower b* value than did the HAK-FB method (P<0.05). Besides, this method produced bio-calcium powder of satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. Furthermore, the powder performed well in sensory evaluations.