Patterns and Problems of Para-rubber and Fruit Production System: Reflections from Thung Nui Community, Khuan Kalong District, Satun Province
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Para-rubber and fruits are economically valuable crops of Thung Nui community. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study patterns and problems of para-rubber and fruit production system in Thung Nui community, Khuan Kalong district, Satun province. Data were collected using a structured interview, non-participant observations, and natural conversations from a total sample of 256 para-rubber farmers having the para-rubber and fruit production system, using the stratified sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and manifest content analysis were applied for data analysis. The results revealed that the para-rubber farmers had experiences in para-rubber and fruit cultivation. There were 4 patterns of the para-rubber and fruit production system. Fruits planted were rambutan, longkong, mangosteen, durian, and champedak. Two patterns of plantations were applied: 1) fruit trees cultivated in the same plot of para-rubber, and 2) fruit trees grown in a different section of para-rubber plantation. The para-rubber and fruit production system can be a source of income for farmers. After harvest, products are sold to the middlemen. However, problems involving low income included low prices of products, high cost of production, insufficient investment, malpractices, plant diseases, low soil fertility, late middle aged/elderly household labor, and susceptible group of farmers. Therefore, the government agencies should formulate extension plan for para-rubber and fruit production systems to reduce the risk associated with para-rubber and fruit price fluctuations.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal
References
Charernjiratragul, S., Satsue, P., & Romyen, A. (2015). Practical knowledge and lessons learned from driving the policy on expanding the area for the rubber-based intercropping systems. Journal of Social Development, 17(2), 35–50. (in Thai).
Charernjiratragul, S., Romyen, A., & Satsue, P. (2017). Development of rubber-based intercropping system in Southern Thailand: Problems and obstacles. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 38(2), 588–599. (in Thai).
Charutwinyo, P., & Charutwinyo, C. (2018). Farmer’s problem and solution model in Thailand. Journal of Community Development and Life Quality, 6(1), 153–175. (in Thai).
Chiarawipa, R. (2019). Rubber-based intercropping system in Southern Thailand: Its constraints and planting patterns on sustainable productivity. King Mongkut’s Agricultural Journal, 37(1), 179–189. (in Thai).
Damrongrak, I. (2012). Influence of rubber plantation on soil fertility and greenhouse gas emission. Journal of Yala Rajabhat University, 7(1), 48–60.
Department of Intellectual Property. (2019). Registration of Geographical Indication of Satun Champedak. Retrieved from: http://www.ipthailand.go.th/images/2284/Sorchor62100123.pdf. (in Thai).
Fongmul, S. (2020). Effects of shortage of agricultural workers on food security in Chiang Mai. Journal of Agricultural Research and Extension, 37(1), 118–125. (in Thai).
Intraskul, S., Somboonsuke, B., & Phitthayaphinant, P. (2017). Thai para-rubber industry: The status and development suggestions towards ASEAN Economic Community. Humanity and Social Science Journal, Ubon Ratchathani University, 8(suppl), 80–107. (in Thai).
Intraskul, S., Somboonsuke, B., Thongtrai, N., & Phitthayaphinant, P. (2018). Cost of para-rubber production and selling problems of para-rubber farmers in Thailand. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 39(3), 817–828. (in Thai).
Jun-iad, J., Nilvises, P., Keowarn, B., & Yotakhong, S. (2015). The extension model for self-reliance of para rubber farmers in southern border provinces. Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal, 7(1), 135–145. (in Thai).
Kangpissadarn, N. (2007). Effective Use of Fertilizer on Para-rubber Trees after Tapping. The Agricultural Co-operative Federation of Thailand Printing. (in Thai).
Katkraw, P., & Lavankura, P. (2020). The rubber development policy making in Thailand. Rajapark Journal, 14(32), 12–22. (in Thai).
Khompramun, C., & Sriboonruang, P. (2020). Factors affecting the decision making of para rubber tree plantation farmers in Khlong Sai Sub-district, Tha Chang District, Surat Thani Province. King Mongkut’s Agricultural Journal, 38(2), 226–234. (in Thai).
Makwijit, P., & Somboonsuke, B. (2020). Decision making in selection of rubber tapping systems of rubber farmers in Na Thawi District, Songkhla Province. King Mongkut’s Agricultural Journal, 38(4), 571–580. (in Thai).
National Statistical Office. (2021a). Average Monthly Income Per Household by Region and Province 2002–2018. Retrieved from: http://statbbi.nso.go.th/staticreport/page/sector/th/08.aspx. (in Thai).
National Statistical Office. (2021b). Average Monthly Expenditure per Household by Region and Province 2010–2018. Retrieved from: http://statbbi.nso.go.th/staticreport/page/sector/th/08.aspx. (in Thai).
Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council. (2021). Gross Regional and Provincial Product Chain Volume Measures 2019 Edition. Retrieved from: https://www.nesdc.go.th/main.php?filename=gross_regional. (in Thai).
Ongiem, A., & Vichitvejpaisal, P. (2018). Validation of the tests. Thai Journal Anesthesiology, 44(1), 36–42. (in Thai).
Pasane, C., Tawornpruek, S., & Wiriyakitnateekul, W. (2019). Potential and suitability of rubber growing soils in Khon Kaen Province. King Mongkut’s Agricultural Journal, 37(3), 489–497. (in Thai).
Phitthayaphinant, P., Somboonsuke, B., Eksomtramage, T., & Satsue, P. (2015). Factors determining farmers’ choice of oil palm production system in Ao-luek District, Krabi Province. Journal of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, 7(1), 126–142. (in Thai).
Rasmepaedya, N., & Srisuwan, S. (2017). Para rubber intercropping of farmers Phunphin district, Surat Thani Province. King Mongkut’s Agricultural Journal, 35(1), 117–124. (in Thai).
Ratikhunuphakorn, R. (2019). The role of the Rubber Authority of Thailand for system development. Humanities and Social Sciences Journal, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, 10(2), 259–269. (in Thai).
Rubber Research Institute, Rubber Authority of Thailand. (2016). Rubber Variety Recommendations 2016. A–1 Future. (in Thai).
Saifong, P., Srisuwan, S., & Niyamangkoon, S. (2017). Farmer’s opinion towards para rubber plantation career in Koh Khan sub-district, Cha-uat district, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. King Mongkut’s Agricultural Journal, 35(2), 1–9. (in Thai).
Satsue, P., & Phitthayaphinant, P. (2018). Factors related to change in quality of life of para-rubber farmers from low para-rubber prices problem in Srinakharin District, Phatthalung Province. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Mahasarakham University, 37(3), 71–84. (in Thai).
Satun Provincial Office. (2021). Satun Development Plan for 5 Years (2018–2022) Revised Edition. Retrieved from: http://www.satun.go.th/news_devpro. (in Thai).
Sertkaew, S., & Socatiyanurak, M. (2020). Changes in social welfare due to the policy of Thai rubber price. Journal of Agricultural Research and Extension, 37(1), 106–117. (in Thai).
Silpcharu, T. (2012). Research and Statistical Data Analysis with SPSS. (13 ed.). S.R. Printing. (in Thai).
Somboonsuke, B., Dhammasaccakarn, W., Cherdchom, P., Longpichai, O., & Phitthayaphinant, P. (2015). Potential, capacity and development of hired labor in smallholding rubber production system: Lesson learned from traditional rubber area, Songkhla Province. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 36(1), 74–87. (in Thai).
Somboonsuke, B., Kongmanee, C., Thongtrai, N., & Phitthayaphinant, P. (2018). Potential of para-rubber production in Thailand: Production technology management, problems and suggestions for yield improvement. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 39(1), 645–659. (in Thai).
Sriboonruang, P., Siripipattanakul, S., & Choocharoen, C. (2019). Opinion about life quality of rubber farmers in Bankhai District, Rayong Province. King Mongkut’s Agricultural Journal, 37(1), 15–22. (in Thai).
Srinounpan, B., & Tongchuay, C. (2009). The Strategies on professional planting para-rubber trees. Wichcha Journal Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat Journal, 28(1), 17–26. (in Thai).
Tancharoen, S., Treewannakul, P., & Thongdeelert, P. (2018). Adoption on rubber-based intercropping of farmers in Bang Saphan District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. Agricultural Science Journal, 49(3), 241–250. (in Thai).
Thung Nui Sub-district Administrative Organization. (2018). Local Development Plan for 4 Years (2018–2021) Revised Edition. Retrieved from: http://www.thungnui.go.th/sidemenu_detail.php?menu_id=211. (in Thai).
Waehamah, S. (2018). An analysis of internal and external environments affecting para rubber farmers in three southern border provinces. Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(2), 96–110. (in Thai).
Wongpanit, W. (2019). Integrated stability of rubber agriculturists in the area of Sisaket Province. Sisaket Rajabhat University Journal, 13(3), 135–144. (in Thai).
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis. John Weatherill.
Yamklin, C., Krivart, K., & Nantapetch, K. (2019). Management of fruit prices decline problem in eastern region. Journal of Southern Technology, 12(2), 141–149. (in Thai).
