Efficacy of Antagonistic Fungi, Trichoderma asperellum in The Control of Fungal Diseases on Leaves of Oil Palm Seedlings
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Abstract
This study tested the efficacy of Trichoderma asperellum strains NST-009 and CB-Pin-01 in controlling of palm leaf fungal disease. Plant pathogenic fungi were isolated from leaves of oil palm seedlings by tissue transplanting technique. A total of 12 isolates of plant pathogenic fungi were obtained including Alternaria sp. 1 isolate, Botryodiplodia spp. 2 isolates, Colletotrichum spp. 2 isolates, Curvularia spp. 3 isolates, Drechslera spp. 2 isolates and Pestalotia spp. 2 isolates. Pathogenicity test on oil palm leaves by detached leaf method showed that all isolates caused lesions of 2.3-4.1 mm in diameter, Curvularia sp.-03 and Botryodiplodia sp.-01 respectively caused the largest lesion of 4.1 mm and the lesion of 3.5 mm. When testing the efficacy of antagonist fungi in the laboratory, it was found that both antagonistic fungi were able to inhibit and cover the mycelium Botryodiplodia sp.-01 and Curvularia sp.-03. T. asperellum NST-009 had the highest inhibition of Botryodiplodia sp.-01 and Curvularia sp.-03 at 89.1 and 84.9%, respectively, and covering such fungi at 67.4 and 58.3%, respectively. Tests on the efficacy of antagonistic fungi in disease control showed that both strains were able to reduce the severity of the disease. That is, T. asperellum NST-009 showed significantly better efficacy to reduce the severity of Botryodiplodia sp.-01 and Curvularia sp.-03 than T. asperellum CB-Pin-01. By using T. asperellum NST-009, the diseases were found at 12.9 and 17.1%, respectively. While using T. asperellum CB-Pin-01, the diseases were found at 16.8 and 25.5%, respectively. According to Trichoderma spp. quantification on oil palm leaves, it was found that T. asperellum NST-009 was detected at the highest level of 1.3×104 and 2.3×104 CFU/1 g of the oil palm leaves when it was used for controlling Botryodiplodia sp.-01 and Curvularia sp.-03, respectively.
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King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal
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