Influence of Harvesting Times on the Total Flavonoid Content and Antiradical Activity of Stingless Bee Propolis
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Abstract
Propolis from stingless bees is a natural product and has been reported to possess a variety of the biological activities and beneficial chemical constituents. It is constructed from a mixture of rubber from the tree species in the habitat of the beehive and beeswax. The effect of the harvesting time of propolis on its total flavonoid content was measured over a one-year period. The propolis was collected six times (once every 2 months) from two stingless bee species, Geniotrigona thoracica and Heterotrigona itama, in Sai Buri, Pattani province, Thailand.
In addition, the correlation of total flavonoid content with antiradical activities was evaluated. The result showed that the G. thoracica and H. itama propolis gave total flavonoid content in the range of 42.33-169.67 and 93.33-186.00 mg quercetin equivalent / 100g extract, respectively. A high in flavonoids was determined in G. thoracica propolis at harvesting times during the months of December to January and August to September, while the H. itama propolis had a high total flavonoid content during the months of October to November, December to January and August to September. The difference of total flavonoid content with respect to harvest times for each species might be related to the plant diversity of each season. There was little association between antioxidant activities and total flavonoid content. This may relate to the synergistic or antagonistic effects of other compounds present in propolis extracts. However, these data indicated that harvesting time had an effect on the chemical constituents and biological activity of stingless bee propolis.
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King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal
References
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