Soil Properties and Carbon-nutrient Storages in Natural Pine Forest, Kunlayaniwattana District, Chiang Mai Province
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The research on soil characteristics, carbon and nutrient storages in natural pine forest of four subtype communities was carried out at Ban Chan sub-district, Kunlayaniwattana district, Chiang Mai province. Three subtypes were pine-dry dipterocarp forest of dominated Dipterocarpus obtusifolius, D. tuberculatus and Shorea obtusa, and the fourth subtype was pine-lower montane (oak) forest. Soil pits were made in each subtype, and soil samples were collected along profiles for analysis of physical and chemical properties. Soils under all subtypes were classified into Order Ultisols with the depth of more than one meter, well developed horizons and high clay accumulations in subsoils. Some small differences of physical properties among soils were observed. Bulk density varied from moderately low to medium. Texture of top soils were mainly sandy clay/sandy loam and soil reaction were strongly acid to slightly acid (pH, 5.4-6.5). Texture in subsoils was clay and soil reaction varied from slightly to moderately acid (pH, 5.6-6.1).
Amounts of organic matter, carbon and nitrogen accumulated within 100 cm depth were the highest in pine-oak forest (146.5, 85.0 and 5.11 Mg.ha-1, respectively). The lower amounts were found in pine-S. obtusa, pine-D. tuberculatus, and pine-D. obtusifolius had the lowest amount. Amounts of extractable phosphorous, calcium and magnesium were the highest in soil under pine-D. obtusifolius (29.1, 1,210.1 and 1,287 kg.ha-1) whereas potassium was the highest in pine-S. obtusa (1,328.9 kg.ha-1).
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