Effect of Heat Stress on Reproductive Efficiency in the Ruminant
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Published:
Oct 2, 2020
Keywords:
Heat stress Ruminant Reproductive efficiency
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Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most important stressors influencing animal reproduction. It affects puberty, oestrous activity, fertility, embryonic survival and foetal development. Furthermore, it is difficult to protect animals from natural heat stress particularly in sub-tropical or tropical areas. The critical stages of reproduction which are most susceptible to heat stress are the peri-ovulatory period and early pregnancy. The effects of heat stress during these periods result in oestrus inhibition, fertilization failure and embryonic loss which are major sources of economic loss to the livestock industry.
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Research Articles
References
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Gangwar, P.C., C. Branton and D.L. Evans. 1965. Reproductive and physiological responses of Holstein heifers to controlled and natural climatic conditions. J. Dairy Sci., 48:222-227. Gwazdauskas, F.C., W.W. Thatcher and C.J. Wilcox. 1973. Physiological, environmental and hormonal factors at insemination which may affect conception. J. Dairy Sci., 56:873-877.
Hafez, E.S.E. 1964. Effects of high temperature on reproduction. Int. J. Biometeor., 7:223-230. Kiracofe, G.H. 1981. Uterine involution : Its role in regulating postpartum intervals. J. Anim. Sci., 52 (Suppl. 2) : 16 (abstr.).
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Lindsay, D.R., T.W.Knight, J.F. Smith and C.M. Oldham. 1975. Studies in ovine fertility in agricultural regions of Western Australia : ovulation rate, fertility and lambing performance. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26:189-198.
Madan, M.L. and H.D. Johnson. 1973. Environmental effects on bovine luteinizing hormone. J. Dairy Sci., 56 : 1420-1423.
Monty, D.E. and L.K. Wolff. 1974. Summer heat stress and reduced fertility in Holstein-Friesian cows in Arizona. Am. J. Vet. Res., 35 : 1495 1500.
Alexander, G. and D. Williams. 1971. Heat stress and development of the conceptus in domestic sheep. J. Agric. Sci., 76:53-72
Alliston, C.W. and L.C. Ulberg. 1961. Early pregnancy loss in sheep at ambient temperatures of 70 °F and 90 °F as determined by embryo transfer J. Anim. Sci., 20:608-613.
Bonsma, J.C. 1949. Breeding cattle for increased adaptability to tropical and subtropical environments. J. Agric. Sci., 39:204-221.
Branton, C., J.E. Johnston and G.D. Mills. 1953. Physiological and hereditary response of lactating Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cows to natural environmental temperature and humidity. J. Dairy Sci., 36:585 (abstr.).
Brown, D.E., P.C. Harrison, F.C. Hinds, J.A. Lewis and M.H. Wallace. 1977. Heat stress effects on fetal development during late gestation in the ewe. J. Anim. Sci., 44:442-446.
Collier, R.J., D.K. Beede, W.W. Thatcher, L.A. Israel and e C.J. Wilcox. 1982a. Influences of environment and its modification on dairy animal health and production. J. Dairy Sci., 65:2213-2227.
Collier, R.J., S.G. Doelger, H.H. Head, W.W. Thatcher and C.J. Wilcox. 1982b. Effects of heat stress during pregnancy on maternal hormone concentrations, calf birth weight and postpartum milk yield of Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci., 54:309-319.
Copland, R.S. 1983. Effect of heat stress on production. In: Tropical Sheep and Goat Production. T.N. Edey (ed.), The Dominion Press-Hedges & Bell, Melbourne, p. 126-127
Dale, H.E., A.C. Ragsdale and C.S. Cheng. 1959. Effect of constant environmental temperature 50 and 80 F, on appearance of puberty in beef calves. J. Anim. Sci., 18:1363-1366.
Dunlap, S.E. and C.K. Vincent. 1971. Influence of postbreeding thermal stress on conception rate in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 32:1216 1218.
Dutt, R.H. 1963. Critical period for early embryo mortality in ewes exposed to high ambient temperature. J. Anim. Sci., 22: 713-719.
Dutt, R.H. 1964. Detrimental effects of high ambient temperature on fertility and early embryo survival in sheep. Int. J. Biometeor., 8:47-56.
Dutt, R.H., E.F. Ellington and W.W. Carton. 1959. Fertilization rate and early embryo survival in sheared and unsheared ewes following exposure to elevated air temperature. J. Anim. Sci., 18: 1308-1317.
Flowers, B., T.C. Cantley, M.J. Martin and B.N. Day. 1989. Effect of elevated ambient temperatures on puberty in gilts. J. Anim. Sci., 67:779-784.
Fuquay, J.W. 1981. Heat stress as it affects animal production. J. Anim. Sci., 52:164-174.
Fuquay, J.W., L.T. Chapin and W.H. Brown. 1980. Short term post-partum heat stress in dairy cows. Int. J. Biometeor., 24:141-148.
Gangwar, P.C., C. Branton and D.L. Evans. 1965. Reproductive and physiological responses of Holstein heifers to controlled and natural climatic conditions. J. Dairy Sci., 48:222-227. Gwazdauskas, F.C., W.W. Thatcher and C.J. Wilcox. 1973. Physiological, environmental and hormonal factors at insemination which may affect conception. J. Dairy Sci., 56:873-877.
Hafez, E.S.E. 1964. Effects of high temperature on reproduction. Int. J. Biometeor., 7:223-230. Kiracofe, G.H. 1981. Uterine involution : Its role in regulating postpartum intervals. J. Anim. Sci., 52 (Suppl. 2) : 16 (abstr.).
Leduc, B. 1972. The effect of hyperventilation on maternal placental blood flow in pregnant rabbits. J. Physiol., 225:339-348.
Levasseur, M. and C. Thibault. 1980. Reproductive life cycles. In: Reproduction in Farm Aminals. E.S.E. Hafez (ed.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. p. 137-138.
Lindsay, D.R., T.W.Knight, J.F. Smith and C.M. Oldham. 1975. Studies in ovine fertility in agricultural regions of Western Australia : ovulation rate, fertility and lambing performance. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26:189-198.
Madan, M.L. and H.D. Johnson. 1973. Environmental effects on bovine luteinizing hormone. J. Dairy Sci., 56 : 1420-1423.
Monty, D.E. and L.K. Wolff. 1974. Summer heat stress and reduced fertility in Holstein-Friesian cows in Arizona. Am. J. Vet. Res., 35 : 1495 1500.
