Effect of Fruit Ages and Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Formation of <I>Garcinia</I>

Abstract

Callus formation from seed segments of three species of Garcinia, mangosteen, Phawa and somkaeg excised from fruits at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after blooming was investigated. Callus induction was carried out on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA (benzyladenine) or TDZ (thidiazuron) and 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The results showed that seed of mangosteen at 2 weeks of blooming which provided percentage of callus formation of 74.9. In the case of somkaeg, callus formation was not obtained in all ages of fruits. Callus formation on the medium supplemented with 2,4-D in combination with BA or TDZ was not different. Callus feature obtained from 2,4-D and BA-containing medium was friable while 2,4-D and TDZ-containing medium gave compact one. Maintenance of mangosteen callus by subculturing to various kinds and concentrations of plant growth regulators in comparison with 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l TDZ-containing medium revealed that BA and TDZ-containing medium gave the best proliferation of the calli. Among various ages of mangosteen fruits 4 weeks after blooming gave the best results in maintenance and proliferation of the calli. For phenolic compound production in culture, BA produced a large amount of the compound from seed segment at 2 weeks after blooming whereas TDZ gave contrary result.